#299 - Use the PHP 8.3 to 8.5 functions through the Symfony polyfills, and configure Rector accordingly

[njoubert-cleverage]

Description

Fixes #299: use the functions of PHP 8.3 to 8.5 safely while supporting PHP 8.2, and align the Rector configuration with the minimum PHP version.

Changes

• composer.json: require symfony/polyfill-php83, symfony/polyfill-php84 and symfony/polyfill-php85 (^1.33). They are empty on the PHP versions having the functions natively.
• rector.php:
  • withPhpVersion(PhpVersion::PHP_82) instead of PHP_85 (which introduced array_any() without its polyfill in Fix php-cs-fixer run #185): no syntax above PHP 8.2;
  • withPhpSets() without explicit version (read from composer.json): Rector adds its PHP_POLYFILLS set, so the rules using a newer function apply when composer.json requires the matching symfony/polyfill-phpXX (an explicit php82: true would be a ceiling and skip them);
  • LevelSetList::UP_TO_PHP_82 removed (redundant with withPhpSets()).
• Rector applied: only ForeachToArrayAnyRector, ProcessConfiguration::getDependencyGroups() uses array_any() again (the loop of #269 - Make process, stopwatch, var-dumper and monolog-bundle optional dependencies #296), now with its polyfill. The PHP 8.5 rule ArrayFirstLastRector is not polyfill-aware in Rector 2.7: the PHP 8.5 functions (array_first(), array_last()…) can only be used manually for now.
• array_first() (PHP 8.5) used manually where it gives the same result without the internal array pointer:
  • ProcessConfiguration::getMainTask(): array_first() instead of reset(), it returns null with an empty array, so the false check is removed;
  • ConstraintLoader::buildConstraints(): array_first() / array_key_first() instead of current() / key() on the single constraint node;
  • ProcessHelpCommand: array_first() instead of current() on the single previous task.
    Not changed on purpose: ArrayFirstTransformer (reset() returns false for an empty array, array_first() would return null: behaviour change, and ArrayFirstTransformer: the allow_not_iterable option is inverted since v4.0 #234 changes this transformer), trim() → mb_trim() (other whitespace set, no a..z ranges in the characters).
• CONTRIBUTING: new "PHP version" section (PHP 8.2 syntax, PHP 8.3 to 8.5 functions through the polyfills).
• CHANGELOG (Latest).

Checks

957 tests OK on PHP 8.5, and on PHP 8.2 with --prefer-lowest (the three polyfills installed). PHPStan, PHP-CS-Fixer, Rector OK.

The bridge bundles will follow, one ticket each.

Requirements

• Documentation updates
  • Reference
  • Cookbooks
  • Changelog
• Unit tests

Breaking changes

None: three new small dependencies (polyfills), no change of the minimum PHP version.

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