Eliminate some allocations per frame/tick

Game.Client/GarrysMod/LuaCam.cs

@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ static int Start(ILuaInterface lua) {
 
 		if (data.GetMemberStr("type", "3D")!.StartsWith('2')) {
 			using MatRenderContextPtr renderContext = new(materials);
-			ClientModeShared.SetupVGuiMatrices(true, renderContext);
+			ClientModeShared.SetupVGuiMatrices(true, renderContext.Context);
 			((ClientModeShared)clientMode).SetupGModSurface(true);
 			renderContext.OverrideAlphaWriteEnable(true, true);
 			Start2DCount++;
@@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ static int End2D(ILuaInterface lua) {
 		using MatRenderContextPtr renderContext = new(materials);
 		renderContext.OverrideAlphaWriteEnable(false, false);
 		((ClientModeShared)clientMode).SetupGModSurface(false);
-		ClientModeShared.SetupVGuiMatrices(false, renderContext);
+		ClientModeShared.SetupVGuiMatrices(false, renderContext.Context);
 		return 0;
 	}
 

Game.Client/GarrysMod/SpawnIcon.cs

@@ -333,15 +333,15 @@ void Render() {
 
 		renderContext.ClearColor4ub(255, 0, 0, 0);
 		renderContext.ClearBuffers(true, true);
-		RenderPass(red, ent, renderContext, viewSetup.Width, viewSetup.Height);
+		RenderPass(red, ent, renderContext.Context, viewSetup.Width, viewSetup.Height);
 
 		renderContext.ClearColor4ub(0, 255, 0, 0);
 		renderContext.ClearBuffers(true, true);
-		RenderPass(green, ent, renderContext, viewSetup.Width, viewSetup.Height);
+		RenderPass(green, ent, renderContext.Context, viewSetup.Width, viewSetup.Height);
 
 		renderContext.ClearColor4ub(0, 0, 255, 0);
 		renderContext.ClearBuffers(true, true);
-		RenderPass(blue, ent, renderContext, viewSetup.Width, viewSetup.Height);
+		RenderPass(blue, ent, renderContext.Context, viewSetup.Width, viewSetup.Height);
 
 		CombinePasses(red, green, blue, viewSetup.Width, viewSetup.Height);
 

Game.Client/HLClient.cs

@@ -503,7 +503,7 @@ public void HudUpdate(bool active) {
 
 		gHUD.UpdateHud(active);
 
-		BaseAnimating.AutoAllowBoneAccess boneAccess = new(true, true);
+		using BaseAnimating.AutoAllowBoneAccess boneAccess = new(true, true);
 		IGameSystem.UpdateAllSystems(frameTime);
 
 		vgui!.GetAnimationController().UpdateAnimations(gpGlobals.CurTime);

Game.Client/View.cs

@@ -418,10 +418,11 @@ public void RenderView(in ViewSetup viewRender, ClearFlags clearFlags, RenderVie
 		SkyboxVisibility skyboxVisible = SkyboxVisibility.NotVisible;
 
 		{
-			SkyboxView skyView = new SkyboxView(this);
+			SkyboxView skyView = FreeSkyboxViews.Count > 0 ? FreeSkyboxViews.Pop() : new SkyboxView(this);
 			if ((drew3dSkybox = skyView.Setup(in viewRender, ref clearFlags, ref skyboxVisible)) != false)
 				AddViewToScene(skyView);
 			skyView.ReleaseLists();
+			FreeSkyboxViews.Push(skyView);
 		}
 
 		if ((clearFlags & ClearFlags.ClearColor) == 0) {
@@ -515,7 +516,7 @@ public void RenderView(in ViewSetup viewRender, ClearFlags clearFlags, RenderVie
 			// VGui_PostRender();
 			using (renderContext = new MatRenderContextPtr(materials)) {
 #if GMOD_DLL
-				((ClientModeShared)clientMode).PostRenderVGui(renderContext);
+				((ClientModeShared)clientMode).PostRenderVGui(renderContext.Context);
 #endif
 				if (pTexture != null) {
 					// renderContext.OverrideAlphaWriteEnable(false, true);
@@ -743,30 +744,38 @@ private void DrawWorldAndEntities(bool drawSkybox, in ViewSetup viewIn, ClearFla
 		DetermineWaterRenderInfo(in fogVolumeInfo, out WaterRenderInfo info);
 
 		if (info.CheapWater) {
-			SimpleWorldView noWaterView = new SimpleWorldView(this);
+			SimpleWorldView noWaterView = FreeSimpleWorldViews.Count > 0 ? FreeSimpleWorldViews.Pop() : new SimpleWorldView(this);
 			noWaterView.Setup(in viewIn, clearFlags, drawSkybox, in fogVolumeInfo, in info);
 			AddViewToScene(noWaterView);
 			noWaterView.ReleaseLists();
+			FreeSimpleWorldViews.Push(noWaterView);
 			return;
 		}
 
 		if (!r_ForceWaterLeaf.GetBool())
 			fogVolumeInfo.VisibleFogVolumeLeaf = -1;
 
 		if (!fogVolumeInfo.EyeInFogVolume) {
-			AboveWaterView aboveWaterView = new AboveWaterView(this);
+			AboveWaterView aboveWaterView = FreeAboveWaterViews.Count > 0 ? FreeAboveWaterViews.Pop() : new AboveWaterView(this);
 			aboveWaterView.Setup(in viewIn, drawSkybox, in fogVolumeInfo, in info);
 			AddViewToScene(aboveWaterView);
 			aboveWaterView.ReleaseLists();
+			FreeAboveWaterViews.Push(aboveWaterView);
 		}
 		else {
-			UnderWaterView underWaterView = new UnderWaterView(this);
+			UnderWaterView underWaterView = FreeUnderWaterViews.Count > 0 ? FreeUnderWaterViews.Pop() : new UnderWaterView(this);
 			underWaterView.Setup(in viewIn, drawSkybox, in fogVolumeInfo, in info);
 			AddViewToScene(underWaterView);
 			underWaterView.ReleaseLists();
+			FreeUnderWaterViews.Push(underWaterView);
 		}
 	}
 
+	readonly Stack<SkyboxView> FreeSkyboxViews = [];
+	readonly Stack<SimpleWorldView> FreeSimpleWorldViews = [];
+	readonly Stack<AboveWaterView> FreeAboveWaterViews = [];
+	readonly Stack<UnderWaterView> FreeUnderWaterViews = [];
+
 	public static bool DoesViewPlaneIntersectWater(float waterZ, int leafWaterDataID) {
 		if (leafWaterDataID == -1)
 			return false;

Game.Client/ViewBeams.cs

@@ -875,7 +875,7 @@ private void DrawSegs(int noise_divisions, ReadOnlySpan<float> noise, Model spri
 		// Specify all the segments.
 		using MatRenderContextPtr renderContext = new(materials);
 		BeamSegDraw segDraw = new();
-		segDraw.Start(renderContext, segments, null);
+		segDraw.Start(renderContext.Context, segments, null);
 
 		for (i = 0; i < segments; i++) {
 			Assert(noiseIndex < (noise_divisions << 16));

Game.Client/ViewRender.cs

@@ -794,6 +794,7 @@ public virtual void ReleaseLists() {
 		WorldRenderList?.Release();
 		WorldRenderList = null;
 		ClientRenderablesList.Shared.Free(RenderablesList);
+		RenderablesList = null!;
 	}
 	public override DrawFlags GetDrawFlags() {
 		return DrawFlags;

Game.Server/Player.cs

@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 using System.Diagnostics;
 using System.Numerics;
 using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
+using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
 
 namespace Game.Server;
 
@@ -426,6 +427,7 @@ public void SetPhysicsFlag(PlayerPhysFlag flag, bool set) {
 	public TimeUnit_t LerpTime;
 	public bool LagCompensation;
 	public bool PredictWeapons;
+	readonly List<UserCmd> AvailableCommandsBuf = [];
 
 	public static void SendProxy_CropFlagsToPlayerFlagBitsLength(SendProp prop, object instance, IFieldAccessor field, ref DVariant outData, int element, int objectID) {
 		int mask = (1 << Constants.PLAYER_FLAG_BITS) - 1;
@@ -943,7 +945,7 @@ public virtual void ImpulseCommands() {
 				}
 
 				if (tr.Fraction != 1.0) { // line hit something, so paint a decal
-					// todo
+										  // todo
 				}
 
 				break;
@@ -1219,7 +1221,7 @@ CommandContext RemoveAllCommandContextsExceptNewest() {
 
 	void RemoveAllCommandContexts() => CommandContext.Clear();
 
-	void ReplaceContextCommands(CommandContext ctx, UserCmd[] cmds, int commands) {
+	void ReplaceContextCommands(CommandContext ctx, ReadOnlySpan<UserCmd> cmds, int commands) {
 		ctx.Cmds.Clear();
 
 		ctx.NumCmds = commands;
@@ -1386,7 +1388,7 @@ public override void PhysicsSimulate() {
 
 		int command_context_count = GetCommandContextCount();
 
-		List<UserCmd> vecAvailCommands = [];
+		AvailableCommandsBuf.Clear();
 
 		for (int context_number = 0; context_number < command_context_count; context_number++) {
 			CommandContext ctx = GetCommandContext(context_number);
@@ -1404,32 +1406,32 @@ public override void PhysicsSimulate() {
 				while (droppedcmds > numbackup) {
 					UserCmd lastCmd = GetLastUserCommand();
 					lastCmd.CommandNumber++;
-					vecAvailCommands.Add(lastCmd);
+					AvailableCommandsBuf.Add(lastCmd);
 					droppedcmds--;
 				}
 
 				while (droppedcmds > 0) {
 					int cmdnum = ctx.NumCmds + droppedcmds - 1;
-					vecAvailCommands.Add(ctx.Cmds[cmdnum]);
+					AvailableCommandsBuf.Add(ctx.Cmds[cmdnum]);
 					droppedcmds--;
 				}
 			}
 
 			for (int i = ctx.NumCmds - 1; i >= 0; i--)
-				vecAvailCommands.Add(ctx.Cmds[i]);
+				AvailableCommandsBuf.Add(ctx.Cmds[i]);
 
 			LastCmd = ctx.Cmds[ctx.Cmds.Count - 1];
 		}
 
 		int commandLimit = IsSimulatingOnAlternateTicks() ? 2 : 1;
-		int commandsToRun = vecAvailCommands.Count;
-		if (gpGlobals.SimTicksThisFrame >= commandLimit && vecAvailCommands.Count > commandLimit) {
-			int commandsToRollOver = Math.Min(vecAvailCommands.Count, (gpGlobals.SimTicksThisFrame - 1));
-			commandsToRun = vecAvailCommands.Count - commandsToRollOver;
+		int commandsToRun = AvailableCommandsBuf.Count;
+		if (gpGlobals.SimTicksThisFrame >= commandLimit && AvailableCommandsBuf.Count > commandLimit) {
+			int commandsToRollOver = Math.Min(AvailableCommandsBuf.Count, (gpGlobals.SimTicksThisFrame - 1));
+			commandsToRun = AvailableCommandsBuf.Count - commandsToRollOver;
 			Assert(commandsToRun >= 0);
 			if (commandsToRollOver > 0) {
 				CommandContext ctx = RemoveAllCommandContextsExceptNewest();
-				ReplaceContextCommands(ctx, [.. vecAvailCommands.GetRange(vecAvailCommands.Count - commandsToRollOver, commandsToRollOver)], commandsToRollOver);
+				ReplaceContextCommands(ctx, CollectionsMarshal.AsSpan(AvailableCommandsBuf).Slice(AvailableCommandsBuf.Count - commandsToRollOver, commandsToRollOver), commandsToRollOver);
 			}
 			else
 				RemoveAllCommandContexts();
@@ -1458,7 +1460,7 @@ public override void PhysicsSimulate() {
 				IPredictionSystem.SuppressHostEvents(this);
 
 			for (int i = 0; i < commandsToRun; ++i) {
-				PlayerRunCommand(vecAvailCommands[i], MoveHelperServer.s_MoveHelperServer);
+				PlayerRunCommand(AvailableCommandsBuf[i], MoveHelperServer.s_MoveHelperServer);
 
 				if (PhysicsController != null) {
 					UpdateVPhysicsPosition(NewVPhysicsPosition, NewVPhysicsVelocity, (float)vphysicsArrivalTime);

Source.Common/MaterialSystem/IMaterialSystem.cs

@@ -1286,7 +1286,7 @@ void DrawScreenSpaceRectangle(
 #endif
 }
 
-public readonly struct MatRenderContextPtr : IDisposable, IMatRenderContext
+public readonly ref struct MatRenderContextPtr : IDisposable
 {
 	public readonly IMatRenderContext Context;
 

Source.Engine/DtLocalTransfer.cs

@@ -31,6 +31,9 @@ public static class LocalTransfer
 		"(SP only) - show entities that were copied using small optimized lists (FL_EDICT_PARTIAL_CHANGE)."
 	);
 
+	static ServerDatatableStack? s_ServerStack;
+	static ClientDatatableStack? s_ClientStack;
+
 	public static void TransferEntity(BaseEdict edict, SendTable sendTable, object srcEnt, RecvTable recvTable, object destEnt, bool newlyCreated, bool justEnteredPVS, int objectID) {
 		TotalEntChanges++;
 		EdictChangeInfo changeInfo = g_SharedChangeInfo!.ChangeInfos[edict.GetChangeInfo()];
@@ -49,14 +52,18 @@ public static void TransferEntity(BaseEdict edict, SendTable sendTable, object s
 			FastSortList(propIndices, changeOffsets);
 
 			// Setup the structure to traverse the source tree.
-			ErrorIfNot(precalc != null, ($"SendTable_Encode: Missing precalc for SendTable {sendTable.NetTableName}."));
-			ServerDatatableStack serverStack = new(precalc, srcEnt, objectID);
+			if (precalc == null)
+				Error($"SendTable_Encode: Missing precalc for SendTable {sendTable.NetTableName}.");
+			ServerDatatableStack serverStack = s_ServerStack ??= new(precalc, srcEnt, objectID);
+			serverStack.Reset(precalc, srcEnt, objectID);
 			serverStack.Init(true);
 
 			// Setup the structure to traverse the dest tree.
 			RecvDecoder? decoder = recvTable.Decoder;
-			ErrorIfNot(decoder != null, ($"RecvTable_Decode: table '{recvTable.GetName()}' missing a decoder."));
-			ClientDatatableStack clientStack = new(decoder, destEnt, objectID);
+			if (decoder == null)
+				Error($"RecvTable_Decode: table '{recvTable.GetName()}' missing a decoder.");
+			ClientDatatableStack clientStack = s_ClientStack ??= new(decoder, destEnt, objectID);
+			clientStack.Reset(decoder, destEnt, objectID);
 			clientStack.Init(true);
 
 			// Cool. We can get away with just transferring a few.
@@ -86,14 +93,18 @@ public static void TransferEntity(BaseEdict edict, SendTable sendTable, object s
 		else {
 			// Setup the structure to traverse the source tree.
 			SendTablePrecalc precalc = sendTable.Precalc!;
-			ErrorIfNot(precalc != null, ($"SendTable_Encode: Missing precalc for SendTable {sendTable.NetTableName}."));
-			ServerDatatableStack serverStack = new(precalc, srcEnt, objectID);
+			if (precalc == null)
+				Error($"SendTable_Encode: Missing precalc for SendTable {sendTable.NetTableName}.");
+			ServerDatatableStack serverStack = s_ServerStack ??= new(precalc, srcEnt, objectID);
+			serverStack.Reset(precalc, srcEnt, objectID);
 			serverStack.Init();
 
 			// Setup the structure to traverse the dest tree.
 			RecvDecoder? decoder = recvTable.Decoder;
-			ErrorIfNot(decoder != null, ($"RecvTable_Decode: table '{recvTable.GetName()}' missing a decoder."));
-			ClientDatatableStack clientStack = new(decoder, destEnt, objectID);
+			if (decoder == null)
+				Error($"RecvTable_Decode: table '{recvTable.GetName()}' missing a decoder.");
+			ClientDatatableStack clientStack = s_ClientStack ??= new(decoder, destEnt, objectID);
+			clientStack.Reset(decoder, destEnt, objectID);
 			clientStack.Init();
 
 			AddToPartialChangeEntsList(Array.IndexOf(sv.Edicts, edict), false);

Source.Engine/EngineRecvTable.cs

@@ -133,6 +133,15 @@ public DatatableStack(SendTablePrecalc precalc, object instance, int objectID) {
 		ObjectID = objectID;
 	}
 
+	public void Reset(SendTablePrecalc precalc, object instance, int objectID) {
+		Precalc = precalc;
+		Instance = instance;
+		ObjectID = objectID;
+		CurPropIndex = 0;
+		CurProp = null;
+		Initted = false;
+	}
+
 	protected static readonly object Uncomputed = new();
 
 	public void Init(bool explicitRoutes = false) {
@@ -227,12 +236,17 @@ public int GetObjectID() {
 
 public class ClientDatatableStack : DatatableStack
 {
-	readonly RecvDecoder Decoder;
+	RecvDecoder Decoder;
 
 	public ClientDatatableStack(RecvDecoder decoder, object instance, int objectID) : base(decoder.Precalc, instance, objectID) {
 		Decoder = decoder;
 	}
 
+	public void Reset(RecvDecoder decoder, object instance, int objectID) {
+		Decoder = decoder;
+		Reset(decoder.Precalc, instance, objectID);
+	}
+
 	public override void RecurseAndCallProxies(SendNode node, object? instance) {
 		Proxies[node.GetRecursiveProxyIndex()] = instance;
 

Source.Engine/FrameSnapshot.cs

@@ -1,13 +1,15 @@
 
 using CommunityToolkit.HighPerformance;
 
+using System.Buffers;
+
 using Source.Common;
 using Source.Common.Commands;
 using Source.Common.Engine;
 
 namespace Source.Engine;
 
-public class FrameSnapshotEntry
+public struct FrameSnapshotEntry
 {
 	public ServerClass? Class;
 	public int SerialNumber;
@@ -45,6 +47,10 @@ public void ReleaseReference() {
 	volatile int References;
 
 	public void Dispose() {
+		if (ValidEntities != null)
+			ArrayPool<ushort>.Shared.Return(ValidEntities);
+		if (Entities != null)
+			ArrayPool<FrameSnapshotEntry>.Shared.Return(Entities);
 		ValidEntities = null;
 		Entities = null;
 		TempEntities = null;
@@ -95,32 +101,28 @@ public FrameSnapshot CreateEmptySnapshot(int tickcount, int maxEntities) {
 		snap.NumEntities = maxEntities;
 		snap.NumValidEntities = 0;
 		snap.ValidEntities = null;
-		snap.Entities = new FrameSnapshotEntry[maxEntities];
-
-		for (int i = 0; i < maxEntities; i++) {
-			snap.Entities[i] = new FrameSnapshotEntry {
-				Class = null,
-				SerialNumber = -1,
-				PackedData = INVALID_PACKED_ENTITY_HANDLE
-			};
-		}
+		snap.Entities = ArrayPool<FrameSnapshotEntry>.Shared.Rent(maxEntities);
+		snap.Entities.AsSpan(0, maxEntities).Fill(new FrameSnapshotEntry {
+			Class = null,
+			SerialNumber = -1,
+			PackedData = INVALID_PACKED_ENTITY_HANDLE
+		});
 
 		FrameSnapshots.AddLast(snap);
 		snap.ListIndex = FrameSnapshots.Count - 1;
 		return snap;
 	}
 
 	public FrameSnapshot TakeTickSnapshot(int tickcount) {
-		Span<ushort> validEntities = stackalloc ushort[Constants.MAX_EDICTS];
-
 		FrameSnapshot snap = CreateEmptySnapshot(tickcount, sv.NumEdicts);
+		ushort[] validEntities = ArrayPool<ushort>.Shared.Rent(sv.NumEdicts);
 
 		int maxclients = sv.GetClientCount();
 		int numValid = 0;
 
 		for (int i = 0; i < sv.NumEdicts; i++) {
 			Edict edict = sv.Edicts![i];
-			FrameSnapshotEntry entry = snap.Entities![i];
+			ref FrameSnapshotEntry entry = ref snap.Entities![i];
 
 			IServerUnknown? unk = edict.GetUnknown();
 
@@ -145,7 +147,7 @@ public FrameSnapshot TakeTickSnapshot(int tickcount) {
 		}
 
 		snap.NumValidEntities = numValid;
-		snap.ValidEntities = validEntities[..numValid].ToArray();
+		snap.ValidEntities = validEntities;
 
 		snap.ExplicitDeleteSlots.AddRange(ExplicitDeleteSlots);
 		ExplicitDeleteSlots.Clear();