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feat!: piping a prisma command gives its plain data; JSON needs --json - #353

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@wmadden-electric wmadden-electric commented Oct 15, 2026 •

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At a glance

$ prisma project list | head -2
shop	proj_cm3x…	us-east-1
blog	proj_k91…	eu-central-1
$ id=$(prisma project create shop-staging)
$ prisma project list --json | jq '.envelope.result.items[].id'

Before this PR, piping a prisma command always produced a JSON frame such as {"kind":"result","envelope":{"ok":true,"result":{…}}}. So $(prisma …) captured JSON, and | grep searched JSON.

What this PR changes

  1. The output format depends only on flags, never on whether stdout is a terminal. With no flag, a pipe gets the command's plain data. JSON needs --json or --format json.
  2. Every command in this repo defines what its plain data is, following new rules in the product docs.
  3. A test fails if a command puts nothing on stdout without saying why.
  4. @prisma/cli-engine goes from 0.8.0 to 0.9.0, because the output contract changes.

Why

No CLI we compared switches to JSON when piped. gh, aws, kubectl, gcloud, az, docker and supabase all need a flag for JSON. A command whose job is one value prints it bare, piped or not, as with docker port and encore db conn-uri.

Our rule broke the obvious case. Composer is adding prisma dev url <service>, which prints a local service's URL, and with this rule curl "$(prisma dev url gateway)" passed curl a JSON frame. The product docs never required the switch; they said only that stdout carries data and stays machine-readable. The switch was a choice made when the engine was first written.

How output is split today

A command describes its output in three parts:

  • human blocks, the formatted card, which go to stderr;
  • data lines, which go to stdout;
  • a JSON result, used with --json.

When stdout and stderr are the same terminal, the data lines are skipped, because the card already shows the same values.

What changes in the engine

Before, a piped stdout selected the JSON format. Now the format is human unless a flag says otherwise, so a pipe gets the data lines. Also:

  • In a pipe without --json, an error is a human error on stderr, with the same exit code.
  • --help writes its help card to stdout, and --version writes the bare version.
  • --format markdown and the same-terminal rule are unchanged.

What each command prints

docs/product/output-conventions.md gains a "Data Lines" section, written before the code:

  • A list: one line per item, with tab-separated fields in the human table's column order. Empty fields stay in place, so columns can be read by position.
  • A show: key<TAB>value lines. An absent field is left out, and booleans are true or false.
  • One value: the bare value. For example, project create prints the new id, auth workspace use prints the workspace id, and service domain wait prints the live URL.
  • Credentials used together: dotenv lines (NAME=value).
  • Nothing to report (logout, delete, most changes): stdout stays empty, and the exit code says whether it worked. Such commands use noDataLines(reason), a new engine export, so the reason sits next to the output definition.

The check

packages/cli/tests/data-lines.test.ts parses packages/cli/src and packages/cli-engine/src with the TypeScript compiler. It fails on any stdout definition that can return an empty list unless it uses noDataLines. It recognises the ways that can be written, and a probe test pins each one. It caught one real case, project env add.

Agents, scripts and versioning

  • Agents and scripts: the platform skill, the engine README and the product docs now say to use --json for machine-readable output. The e2e harness already passes --json.
  • Versioning: engine changes ship with pnpm bump-cli-engine-version. This is a minor bump because the output contract changes. Composer's and the ORM's command families still require engine 0.7.0, so the version-mismatch exceptions in packages/cli/scripts/conformance.ts move to 0.7.0 vs 0.9.0.
  • Follow-ups elsewhere: commands from the Composer and ORM families don't define data lines yet, so for now they print nothing to a pipe. These are Composer's prisma deploy and about 20 ORM commands, including migration list. They're recorded for those repos.

Tests

  • packages/cli-engine/tests/piped-output.test.ts:
    • A pipe gets data lines and no JSON.
    • --json gives one result frame.
    • A piped error is human, on stderr, with the right exit code.
    • An unknown command.
    • A piped --help and --version.
  • Data-line assertions for every command whose output changed.
  • The data-lines check, with a probe for each form it detects.
  • pnpm --filter @prisma/cli-engine test, pnpm --filter @prisma/cli test, pnpm typecheck, pnpm check:conformance, the engine version check, check:grammar, check:skill-packaging, and Biome.
  • The e2e suite runs in CI; it wasn't run locally.

Alternatives considered

  • An exception only for one-value commands such as prisma dev url. Smaller, but every other command would still print JSON to a pipe, which surprises anyone used to other CLIs.
  • A --format value flag, like gcloud's --format="value(field)". Every script would have to remember it, and a bare $(prisma …) would still capture JSON.
  • Keep JSON in pipes and document jq. The docs did this before: curl "$(prisma dev url gateway | jq -er 'select(.kind=="result").envelope.result.url')". That line is what this PR removes.
  • Put the id first in every list. Lists already printed the human table's columns, mostly name first, as gh does, and the docs already fixed auth workspace list's order.

Agent: attila-51

🤖 Generated with Claude Code

wmadden-electric and others added 14 commits October 15, 2026 16:26
The output format no longer depends on where stdout goes. A pipe gets
human output: the human blocks on stderr and the command's plain data
lines on stdout. The new Data Lines section says what those lines are
for a list, a show, a one-value result and a command with no data.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Signed-off-by: willbot <w.a.madden+machine@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Will Madden <madden@prisma.io>
…ds --json

With no format flag the engine chose json whenever stdout was not a
terminal. It now always chooses human: stdout carries the command's
data lines and the human blocks go to stderr, and JSON needs --json or
--format json. Errors in a pipe are human errors on stderr with the same
exit code. Help in a pipe goes to stdout, like any human output.

Tests that read JSON frames without asking for them now pass --json.

BREAKING CHANGE: a host or script that relied on piped output being
JSON must pass --json.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Signed-off-by: willbot <w.a.madden+machine@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Will Madden <madden@prisma.io>
A piped stdout no longer gets JSON on its own.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Signed-off-by: willbot <w.a.madden+machine@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Will Madden <madden@prisma.io>
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Signed-off-by: willbot <w.a.madden+machine@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Will Madden <madden@prisma.io>
A pipe now gets each command's data lines instead of JSON, and about
half the presentations wrote none, so they would print nothing.

- Created resources print their id: project create and link, bucket
  create, service create, project env add.
- service domain wait prints the live URL; service domain add prints
  the DNS records to create, one per line.
- service show, service version show and service domain show print
  key<TAB>value lines; service version list prints one line per
  version. Writing env variables from a file prints them like env list.
- Show commands that printed 'label: value' now print 'label<TAB>value'.
- Commands with no data (deletes, logout, promote, rollback, start,
  stop, rename, transfer, git connect and disconnect, restore, init,
  feedback) write stdout: noDataLines(reason).

A new test fails when a presentation writes an empty stdout without
noDataLines and a reason. The product doc's list rule now matches what
the lists already print: the human table's columns, tab-separated.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Signed-off-by: willbot <w.a.madden+machine@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Will Madden <madden@prisma.io>
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Signed-off-by: willbot <w.a.madden+machine@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Will Madden <madden@prisma.io>
A minor bump: a piped stdout no longer gets JSON, which breaks the
engine's output contract. Both families still peer 0.7.0, so the
conformance exceptions now read 0.7.0 / 0.9.0.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Signed-off-by: willbot <w.a.madden+machine@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Will Madden <madden@prisma.io>
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Signed-off-by: willbot <w.a.madden+machine@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Will Madden <madden@prisma.io>
…oDataLines

telemetry status printed prose and 'Label: value' lines to a pipe. It
now prints key<TAB>value lines: enabled, reason (its code), config file
and installation id stored. telemetry enable and disable print nothing.

noDataLines moves into the engine's public surface so the engine, the
shell and the families mark a command with no data the same way.

Engine tests now also pin a piped --version (the bare version) and a
piped --help (the card on stdout, nothing on stderr).

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Signed-off-by: willbot <w.a.madden+machine@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Will Madden <madden@prisma.io>
- Shows leave an absent field out instead of writing an empty value, and
  booleans are true or false: service version list and show used yes,
  no or an empty field.
- service domain show writes each DNS record as dns<TAB>type<TAB>name
  <TAB>value, the same three fields service domain add prints, instead
  of the card's 'name -> value (ttl N)' text under a repeatable key.
- auth workspace list writes all four table columns, tab-separated:
  workspace, user, id, status. It joined three with two spaces.
- auth workspace logout prints nothing, like auth logout. auth
  workspace use prints the selected workspace id.
- The shell uses the engine's noDataLines.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Signed-off-by: willbot <w.a.madden+machine@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Will Madden <madden@prisma.io>
bucket create, project create and link, project env add (single and
--file), service show, service version show, service domain add and
show, and auth workspace use and logout.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Signed-off-by: willbot <w.a.madden+machine@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Will Madden <madden@prisma.io>
… engine

The check matched the literal text 'stdout: () => []', so a method, a
cast, a ternary branch or a named helper that returns an empty array
slipped past it. It now parses the source of this package and of the
engine, and fails on any stdout that can return an empty array literal
unless it is a noDataLines call. A probe test pins each form.

project env add's single-write presentations take the single-write
result type, so its stdout returns the variable id unconditionally.

Also fixes a test comment that still said a non-TTY stdout means JSON.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Signed-off-by: willbot <w.a.madden+machine@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Will Madden <madden@prisma.io>
- A show is key<TAB>value lines with absent fields left out; a field
  with several values repeats its key, one line per value.
- A list keeps every field, empty when absent, so columns read by
  position; auth workspace list now carries all four table columns.
- A set of credentials prints dotenv lines, which the one-time-secret
  rules now allow.
- Booleans are true or false.
- A delegated child process writes its own output to the inherited
  stdout.
- The jq example reads .envelope.result, and the one-value example uses
  service domain wait, which opens no browser.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Signed-off-by: willbot <w.a.madden+machine@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Will Madden <madden@prisma.io>
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Signed-off-by: willbot <w.a.madden+machine@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Will Madden <madden@prisma.io>
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  • docs/product/output-conventions.md

Summary by CodeRabbit

  • New Features
    • Piped CLI output now defaults to human mode, with command data printed as plain lines. Use --json or an explicit format flag for structured output.
    • Commands that return data now provide consistent, tab-separated output, including IDs, status details, and service and domain information.
    • Failure messages go to stderr with the appropriate exit code, regardless of whether output is displayed in a terminal or redirected.
  • Documentation
    • Updated CLI guidance to explain output formats, data lines, and error behavior.

Walkthrough

The CLI now uses human output by default for terminal and non-terminal stdout. JSON and Markdown require explicit format selection. Commands use tab-separated fields, bare values, or no stdout data according to their output type. Human-facing status and errors are written to stderr. Tests and documentation now describe and verify these output rules.

Pre-merge checks: Passed 4 · Inconclusive 1

Failed Failed checks: 1 inconclusive

Check name Status Explanation Resolution
Docstring Coverage Inconclusive Docstring coverage is 18.64% which is insufficient. The required threshold is 80.00%. Docstring coverage is scoped to functions touched by this diff. Analyzed 59 functions across 50 files. (22 skipped… Write docstrings for the functions missing them to satisfy the coverage threshold.
Passed Passed checks: 4 passed
Check name Status Explanation
Title check Passed The title clearly describes the primary change: piped commands now emit plain data, while JSON requires an explicit flag.
Description check Passed The description directly explains the output-format change, data-line rules, implementation, version bump, and test coverage.
Linked Issues check Passed Check skipped because no linked issues were found for this pull request.
Out of Scope Changes check Passed Check skipped because no linked issues were found for this pull request.
Full details: Docstring Coverage

Explanation

Docstring coverage is 18.64% which is insufficient. The required threshold is 80.00%. Docstring coverage is scoped to functions touched by this diff. Analyzed 59 functions across 50 files. (22 skipped: 8 unsupported, 14 over the file limit.)

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Review comments at @docs/product/output-conventions.md:
- Line 79: Update the stdout contract in the output conventions documentation to
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  • docs/product/cli-style-guide.md
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  • packages/cli-engine/README.md
  • packages/cli-engine/package.json
  • packages/cli-engine/src/execution/engine.ts
  • packages/cli-engine/src/execution/shared-flags.ts
  • packages/cli-engine/src/exports/index.ts
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  • packages/cli-engine/tests/fixtures/spawn-host.mjs
  • packages/cli-engine/tests/interaction-affordances.test.ts
  • packages/cli-engine/tests/management-api.test.ts
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  • packages/cli-engine/tests/telemetry-commands.test.ts
  • packages/cli-engine/tests/telemetry-run.test.ts
  • packages/cli/e2e/declared-bin.e2e.ts
  • packages/cli/package.json
  • packages/cli/scripts/conformance.ts
  • packages/cli/src/commands/auth/login.ts
  • packages/cli/src/commands/auth/logout.ts
  • packages/cli/src/commands/auth/whoami.ts
  • packages/cli/src/commands/auth/workspace-list.ts
  • packages/cli/src/commands/auth/workspace-logout.ts
  • packages/cli/src/commands/auth/workspace-use.ts
  • packages/cli/src/commands/bucket/create.ts
  • packages/cli/src/commands/bucket/delete.ts
  • packages/cli/src/commands/bucket/key-delete.ts
  • packages/cli/src/commands/feedback.ts
  • packages/cli/src/commands/git/connect.ts
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  • packages/cli/src/commands/init.ts
  • packages/cli/src/commands/postgres/backup-restore.ts
  • packages/cli/src/commands/postgres/connection-delete.ts
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  • packages/cli/src/commands/postgres/show.ts
  • packages/cli/src/commands/postgres/usage.ts
  • packages/cli/src/commands/project/delete.ts
  • packages/cli/src/commands/project/env-add.ts
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  • packages/cli/src/commands/project/env-shared.ts
  • packages/cli/src/commands/project/env-update.ts
  • packages/cli/src/commands/project/presentation.ts
  • packages/cli/src/commands/project/rename.ts
  • packages/cli/src/commands/project/show.ts
  • packages/cli/src/commands/project/transfer.ts
  • packages/cli/src/commands/service/presentation.ts
  • packages/cli/src/output/data-lines.ts
  • packages/cli/tests/auth.test.ts
  • packages/cli/tests/bin.test.ts
  • packages/cli/tests/branch.test.ts
  • packages/cli/tests/bucket.test.ts
  • packages/cli/tests/data-lines.test.ts
  • packages/cli/tests/git.test.ts
  • packages/cli/tests/golden-rendering.test.ts
  • packages/cli/tests/orm-mount.test.ts
  • packages/cli/tests/postgres.test.ts
  • packages/cli/tests/project.test.ts
  • packages/cli/tests/service-create.test.ts
  • packages/cli/tests/service-domain-wait.test.ts
  • packages/cli/tests/service-domain.test.ts
  • packages/cli/tests/service-show.test.ts
  • packages/cli/tests/service-version-list.test.ts
  • packages/cli/tests/service-version-show.test.ts
  • packages/cli/tests/telemetry.test.ts
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Comment thread docs/product/output-conventions.md
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Signed-off-by: willbot <w.a.madden+machine@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Will Madden <madden@prisma.io>
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@wmadden-electric wmadden-electric changed the title feat!: a piped stdout gets the command's plain data, and JSON needs --json feat!: piping a prisma command gives its plain data; JSON needs --json Oct 15, 2026
@wmadden-electric
wmadden-electric dismissed coderabbitai[bot]’s stale review October 15, 2026 16:27

Its one finding (document the piped --help exception) was fixed in aebce7c, and CodeRabbit confirmed the fix in the thread.

@wmadden-electric
wmadden-electric merged commit 54e086e into main Oct 15, 2026
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@wmadden-electric
wmadden-electric deleted the feat/piped-output-is-data branch October 15, 2026 16:27
opensource-fork-sync Bot pushed a commit to cla7aye15I4nd/opensource-prisma__orm that referenced this pull request Oct 22, 2026
…rints plain data lines unless you pass --json (prisma#30835)

```console
$ prisma migration list | cut -f2
20260101T0000_initial
20260201T0000_add_labels

$ prisma migration list --json | jq '.envelope.result.spaces[].migrations[].name'
"20260101T0000_initial"
"20260201T0000_add_labels"
```

The ORM's commands now run on `@prisma/cli-engine` 0.9.0, the engine the
`prisma` CLI 8.0.0-rc.25 ships. Under that engine a piped command prints
plain data lines on stdout, and JSON needs `--json`. Each ORM command
now says what its data lines are, or why it prints none.

## Why

The `prisma` CLI moved to engine 0.9.0 in rc.25, but the ORM toolchain
still pinned and peered 0.7.0. The CLI's conformance check carries that
mismatch as an allowed exception, and Composer cannot move its own CLI
to rc.25 at all: its workspace forces engine 0.7.0, and the rc.25 CLI
crashes on that engine. Moving the ORM to 0.9.0 lets the next ORM
release, then Composer and the CLI, drop their 0.7.0 pins.

## What changes

1. **Pins.** All 28 `@prisma/cli-engine` pins and peers move from 0.7.0
to 0.9.0, including the `@prisma/orm-toolchain` peer. The lockfile
resolves one engine copy.
2. **Data lines.** Engine 0.9.0 (prisma/prisma-cli#353) decides the
output format from flags only. A piped run gets the human card on stderr
and the command's data lines on stdout. Data lines are a stable
interface: fields are tab-separated in a documented order, a null or
absent value is an empty field, a backslash, tab, newline or carriage
return inside a value is escaped as `\\`, `\t`, `\n` or `\r`, paths are
relative to the working directory, and new fields are only appended.
`src/orm/data-lines.ts` builds them with `dataLine` and `fieldLines`
(the name prisma-cli uses for the same helper):
- `migration list`, `status`, `log` and `graph` print one tab-separated
line per migration (`migration list`: space, name, from-contract,
to-contract, operation count; `migration status` adds the status as a
sixth field). `graph --dot` still prints DOT.
- `migration show` prints `key<TAB>value` lines, then one line per
operation.
   - `migration check` prints one line per failure.
- `migration new`, `migration plan` and `orm init` print the paths they
wrote, each once. `contract emit`, `contract infer` and `contract
format` print the paths they wrote.
- `ref list` prints one line per ref. `ref set` prints the hash the ref
now names.
- `db migrate` prints the migrations it applied, or with `--show` the
ones it would apply. A first migration's from field is empty, as in
`migration list`.
- `db sign` prints one line per space: space, status, contract storage
hash.
- `ref delete`, `db init`, `db update`, `db verify` and `db schema`
print nothing on stdout and say why with `noDataLines`.
3. **A check.** `test/orm/command-stdout.test.ts` fails if an ORM
command declares an empty data-line list instead of `noDataLines`, and
fails if it reads no command sources.
4. **Tests, journeys and scripts that read JSON from a piped run** now
pass `--json`, including `scripts/regen-example-migrations.mjs`.
5. **Docs.** The CLI README gets a "Piped output" table and states the
stable-interface rules. The output rules in `docs/CLI Style Guide.md`
now describe the engine model. ADRs 227 and 228, the Postgres extension
README, the `prisma7-adoption` example README and the migration review
skill reference follow.
6. **Upgrade instructions.**
`upgrade-instructions/pending/cli-engine-0-9-piped-output/` declares two
changes for apps and extension authors: move an engine pin to 0.9.0, and
pass `--json` where a script or test reads JSON from a piped ORM
command. The pin change detects any engine version or range below 0.9;
the `--json` change has no detection, so every project sees it.

Command groups with subcommands (prisma/prisma-cli#349) needed no ORM
change.

## Breaking

A script, CI step or agent that parsed JSON from a piped ORM command
must add `--json`. The upgrade instructions show this change to every
project, because such readers live in shell scripts, CI steps and code
as well as `package.json`.

## Checks run locally

- `pnpm build`, `pnpm typecheck`, `pnpm lint:deps`, `pnpm
lint:ratchets`, `pnpm fixtures:check` and `pnpm check:upgrade-coverage
--mode pr` pass.
- CLI package: 2,175 tests pass; coverage passes in `@internal/cli` and
config-loader.
- Integration files for every command whose output changed, run one by
one, pass.
- `pnpm test:packages`: 26,645 tests pass; 3 tarball install tests fail
locally because pnpm rejects `@vercel/detect-agent` 1.2.7 as a "trust
downgrade". This branch does not touch that dependency; CI shows whether
it fails there too.

## Alternatives considered

- **Keep the ORM on engine 0.7.0.** The CLI and Composer would keep
carrying the mismatch, and Composer could not run any CLI after rc.24.
- **Declare `noDataLines` for every command.** Smaller, but a piped
`migration list` would print nothing, which makes the commands useless
in scripts without `--json`.

Closes [TML-3716](https://linear.app/prisma-company/issue/TML-3716).

Agent: rochester-20

---------

Signed-off-by: willbot <w.a.madden+machine@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Will Madden <madden@prisma.io>
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