Update example codes

examples/add_media_profile.py

@@ -17,24 +17,26 @@
 7. Verify the profile was created successfully
 """
 
-from onvif import ONVIFClient
+import sys
+
+from onvif import ONVIFClient, ONVIFOperationException
 
 HOST = "192.168.1.3"
 PORT = 80
 USERNAME = "admin"
-PASSWORD = "admin123"
+PASSWORD = "password"
 
 try:
     # Initialize ONVIF client
-    client = ONVIFClient(HOST, PORT, USERNAME, PASSWORD)
+    client = ONVIFClient(host=HOST, port=PORT, username=USERNAME, password=PASSWORD)
     media = client.media()
 
     # Get available video sources
     print("Getting video sources...")
     video_sources = media.GetVideoSources()
     if not video_sources:
         print("No video sources available")
-        exit(1)
+        sys.exit()
 
     print(f"Found {len(video_sources)} video source(s)")
     video_source_token = video_sources[0].token
@@ -45,7 +47,7 @@
     video_source_configs = media.GetVideoSourceConfigurations()
     if not video_source_configs:
         print("No video source configurations available")
-        exit(1)
+        sys.exit()
 
     video_source_config_token = video_source_configs[0].token
     print(f"Using video source configuration token: {video_source_config_token}")
@@ -55,7 +57,7 @@
     video_encoder_configs = media.GetVideoEncoderConfigurations()
     if not video_encoder_configs:
         print("No video encoder configurations available")
-        exit(1)
+        sys.exit()
 
     video_encoder_config_token = video_encoder_configs[0].token
     print(f"Using video encoder configuration token: {video_encoder_config_token}")
@@ -112,7 +114,7 @@
     )
     print(f"Stream URI: {stream_uri.Uri}")
 
-except Exception as e:  # pylint: disable=broad-exception-caught
+except (ONVIFOperationException, KeyError, AttributeError) as e:
     print(f"Error: {e}")
     import traceback
 

examples/add_onvif_user.py

@@ -8,21 +8,21 @@
 a new user using the Core (Device Management) service.
 """
 
-from onvif import ONVIFClient
+from onvif import ONVIFClient, ONVIFOperationException
 
 HOST = "192.168.1.3"
 PORT = 80
 USERNAME = "admin"
-PASSWORD = "admin123"
+PASSWORD = "password"
 
 try:
-    client = ONVIFClient(HOST, PORT, USERNAME, PASSWORD)
+    client = ONVIFClient(host=HOST, port=PORT, username=USERNAME, password=PASSWORD)
     device = client.devicemgmt()
     device.CreateUsers(
         User=[{"Username": "newuser", "Password": "newpassword", "UserLevel": "User"}]
     )
 
     # print current users to verify addition
     print(device.GetUsers())
-except Exception as e:  # pylint: disable=broad-exception-caught
+except ONVIFOperationException as e:
     print(e)

examples/check_all_capabilities.py

@@ -8,16 +8,18 @@
 capabilities using the Core (Device Management) service.
 """
 
-from onvif import CacheMode, ONVIFClient
+from onvif import CacheMode, ONVIFClient, ONVIFOperationException
 
 HOST = "192.168.1.3"
 PORT = 80
 USERNAME = "admin"
-PASSWORD = "admin123"
+PASSWORD = "password"
 
 try:
-    client = ONVIFClient(HOST, PORT, USERNAME, PASSWORD, cache=CacheMode.NONE)
+    client = ONVIFClient(
+        host=HOST, port=PORT, username=USERNAME, password=PASSWORD, cache=CacheMode.NONE
+    )
     capabilities = client.devicemgmt().GetCapabilities(Category="All")
     print(capabilities)
-except Exception as e:  # pylint: disable=broad-exception-caught
+except ONVIFOperationException as e:
     print(e)

examples/check_all_services.py

@@ -8,16 +8,16 @@
 of all available services using the Core (Device Management) service.
 """
 
-from onvif import ONVIFClient
+from onvif import ONVIFClient, ONVIFOperationException
 
 HOST = "192.168.1.3"
 PORT = 80
 USERNAME = "admin"
-PASSWORD = "admin123"
+PASSWORD = "password"
 
 try:
-    client = ONVIFClient(HOST, PORT, USERNAME, PASSWORD)
+    client = ONVIFClient(host=HOST, port=PORT, username=USERNAME, password=PASSWORD)
     services = client.devicemgmt().GetServices(IncludeCapability=True)
     print(services)
-except Exception as e:  # pylint: disable=broad-exception-caught
+except ONVIFOperationException as e:
     print(e)

examples/check_device.py

@@ -11,21 +11,21 @@
 
 import json
 
-from onvif import ONVIFClient
+from onvif import ONVIFClient, ONVIFOperationException
 
 HOST = "192.168.1.3"
 PORT = 8000
 USERNAME = "admin"
-PASSWORD = "admin123"
+PASSWORD = "password"
 
 try:
-    client = ONVIFClient(HOST, PORT, USERNAME, PASSWORD)
+    client = ONVIFClient(host=HOST, port=PORT, username=USERNAME, password=PASSWORD)
     device = client.devicemgmt()
 
     # print device information
     print(json.dumps(device.to_dict(device.GetDeviceInformation()), indent=4))
 
     # print device scopes
     print(json.dumps(device.to_dict(device.GetScopes()), indent=4))
-except Exception as e:  # pylint: disable=broad-exception-caught
+except ONVIFOperationException as e:
     print(e)

examples/check_ptz.py

@@ -9,15 +9,15 @@
 
 from time import sleep
 
-from onvif import ONVIFClient
+from onvif import ONVIFClient, ONVIFOperationException
 
 HOST = "192.168.1.3"
 PORT = 80
 USERNAME = "admin"
-PASSWORD = "admin123"
+PASSWORD = "password"
 
 try:
-    client = ONVIFClient(HOST, PORT, USERNAME, PASSWORD)
+    client = ONVIFClient(host=HOST, port=PORT, username=USERNAME, password=PASSWORD)
     media = client.media()
     profile = media.GetProfiles()[0]  # use first profile
     ptz = client.ptz()
@@ -33,5 +33,5 @@
     )
     sleep(2.5)
     ptz.Stop(ProfileToken=profile.token)
-except Exception as e:  # pylint: disable=broad-exception-caught
+except (ONVIFOperationException, KeyError) as e:
     print(e)

examples/device_discovery_raw.py

@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
 import socket
 import struct
 import sys
+import traceback
 import uuid
 
 from lxml import etree
@@ -55,14 +56,14 @@ def get_network_interface():
         local_ip = s.getsockname()[0]
         s.close()
         return local_ip
-    except Exception:
+    except OSError:
         # Try alternative method to get local IP
         try:
             hostname = socket.gethostname()
             local_ip = socket.gethostbyname(hostname)
             if local_ip and not local_ip.startswith("127."):
                 return local_ip
-        except Exception:
+        except OSError:
             pass
 
         # Return empty string instead of "0.0.0.0"
@@ -158,7 +159,6 @@ def send_probe_and_get_responses(network_interface=None, timeout=WS_DISCOVERY_TI
 
     except Exception as e:
         print(f"Error during discovery: {e}")
-        import traceback
 
         traceback.print_exc()
 
@@ -346,9 +346,8 @@ def print_device_info(device, is_onvif=True):
     except KeyboardInterrupt:
         print("\n\nDiscovery interrupted by user.")
         sys.exit(0)
-    except Exception as e:
+    except Exception as e:  # pylint: disable=broad-exception-caught
         print(f"\nUnexpected error: {e}")
-        import traceback
 
         traceback.print_exc()
         sys.exit(1)

examples/direct_zeep.py

@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+"""
+Path: examples/direct_zeep.py
+Author: @kaburagisec
+Created: October 21, 2026
+
+This script demonstrates how to invoke ONVIF operations using
+the `zeep` library directly, without relying on the `onvif-python` module.
+"""
+
+from requests import Session
+from requests.auth import HTTPDigestAuth
+from zeep import Client, Settings
+from zeep.plugins import HistoryPlugin
+from zeep.transports import Transport
+
+HOST = "192.168.69.249"
+PORT = 80
+USERNAME = "admin"
+PASSWORD = "password"
+
+WSDL = "https://www.onvif.org/ver10/device/wsdl/devicemgmt.wsdl"
+ADDRESS = f"http://{HOST}:{PORT}/devicemgmt"
+
+session = Session()
+session.auth = HTTPDigestAuth(USERNAME, PASSWORD)
+
+history = HistoryPlugin()
+
+client = Client(
+    wsdl=WSDL,
+    transport=Transport(session=session, timeout=15),
+    settings=Settings(strict=True, xml_huge_tree=True),
+    plugins=[history],
+)
+
+service = client.create_service(
+    "{http://www.onvif.org/ver10/device/wsdl}DeviceBinding",
+    ADDRESS,
+)
+
+for schema_type in client.wsdl.types.types:
+    if getattr(schema_type, "name", None) == "SystemCapabilities":
+        print("Type:", schema_type)
+        print("Attributes:")
+
+        for attribute in schema_type.attributes:
+            print(" ", attribute)
+
+try:
+    result = service.GetServiceCapabilities()
+
+    print("=== Zeep parsed result ===")
+    print(result)
+
+    print("\n=== System capabilities ===")
+    system = result.Capabilities.System
+
+    print("FirmwareUpgrade:", system.FirmwareUpgrade)
+    print("HttpFirmwareUpgrade:", system.HttpFirmwareUpgrade)
+
+except Exception as exc:
+    print(f"{type(exc).__name__}: {exc}")
+
+finally:
+    if history.last_received:
+        print("\n=== Raw SOAP response ===")
+        print(
+            client.transport.binding_options
+            if False
+            else __import__("lxml.etree", fromlist=["etree"]).tostring(
+                history.last_received["envelope"],
+                pretty_print=True,
+                encoding="unicode",
+            )
+        )

examples/error_handling.py

@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@
 HOST = "192.168.1.14"
 PORT = 2020
 USERNAME = "admintapo"
-PASSWORD = "admin123"
+PASSWORD = "password"
 
 
 def example_1_safe_call():
@@ -40,7 +40,9 @@ def example_1_safe_call():
     print("Example 1: Using safe_call")
     print("=" * 60)
 
-    client = ONVIFClient(HOST, PORT, USERNAME, PASSWORD, cache=CacheMode.NONE)
+    client = ONVIFClient(
+        host=HOST, port=PORT, username=USERNAME, password=PASSWORD, cache=CacheMode.NONE
+    )
     device = client.devicemgmt()
 
     # Returns None if operation is not supported
@@ -68,7 +70,9 @@ def example_2_decorator():
     print("Example 2: Using @ignore_unsupported decorator")
     print("=" * 60)
 
-    client = ONVIFClient(HOST, PORT, USERNAME, PASSWORD, cache=CacheMode.NONE)
+    client = ONVIFClient(
+        host=HOST, port=PORT, username=USERNAME, password=PASSWORD, cache=CacheMode.NONE
+    )
     device = client.devicemgmt()
 
     @ignore_unsupported
@@ -105,7 +109,9 @@ def example_3_manual_handling():
     print("Example 3: Manual exception handling")
     print("=" * 60)
 
-    client = ONVIFClient(HOST, PORT, USERNAME, PASSWORD, cache=CacheMode.NONE)
+    client = ONVIFClient(
+        host=HOST, port=PORT, username=USERNAME, password=PASSWORD, cache=CacheMode.NONE
+    )
     device = client.devicemgmt()
 
     # Try GetSystemUris (not always supported), fallback to alternative
@@ -167,7 +173,9 @@ def example_4_batch_operations():
     print("Example 4: Batch operations with graceful degradation")
     print("=" * 60)
 
-    client = ONVIFClient(HOST, PORT, USERNAME, PASSWORD, cache=CacheMode.NONE)
+    client = ONVIFClient(
+        host=HOST, port=PORT, username=USERNAME, password=PASSWORD, cache=CacheMode.NONE
+    )
     device = client.devicemgmt()
 
     # Define operations to try
@@ -214,7 +222,9 @@ def example_5_critical_operations():
     print("Example 5: Critical operations (don't ignore errors)")
     print("=" * 60)
 
-    client = ONVIFClient(HOST, PORT, USERNAME, PASSWORD, cache=CacheMode.NONE)
+    client = ONVIFClient(
+        host=HOST, port=PORT, username=USERNAME, password=PASSWORD, cache=CacheMode.NONE
+    )
     device = client.devicemgmt()
 
     # Critical operation - must succeed

examples/get_analytics_list.py

@@ -8,15 +8,15 @@
 analytics modules using the Analytics service.
 """
 
-from onvif import ONVIFClient
+from onvif import ONVIFClient, ONVIFOperationException
 
 HOST = "192.168.1.3"
 PORT = 80
 USERNAME = "admin"
-PASSWORD = "admin123"
+PASSWORD = "password"
 
 try:
-    client = ONVIFClient(HOST, PORT, USERNAME, PASSWORD)
+    client = ONVIFClient(host=HOST, port=PORT, username=USERNAME, password=PASSWORD)
     profile = client.media().GetProfiles()[0]  # use the first profile
     analytics = client.analytics()
 
@@ -29,5 +29,5 @@
         ConfigurationToken=profile.VideoAnalyticsConfiguration.token
     )
     print("Supported Analytics Modules:\n{}".format(supported_analytics_modules))
-except Exception as e:
+except (ONVIFOperationException, KeyError) as e:
     print(e)