Skills: URI traversal validation skips percent-encoded dot-segments #3685

Initial Checks

• I confirm that I'm using the newest release of my line (the latest 2.x, or the latest 1.x if I'm still on v1)
• I confirm that I searched for my issue in https://github.com/modelcontextprotocol/python-sdk/issues before opening this issue

Release line

2.x (current stable)

Description

In src/mcp/shared/skills.py (added in #3485 for the SEP-2640 Skills extension), _validate_resource_uri_in_skill() and validate_directory_result() check for directory traversal segments against the raw URI path segments:

# src/mcp/shared/skills.py (line 253)
if any(segment in (".", "..") for segment in resource_parts.path.split("/")):
    raise ValueError(f"resource URI {resource_uri!r} contains a traversal segment")

Because URI paths are not URL-unquoted prior to validation, percent-encoded traversal segments (e.g. %2e%2e, %2E%2E, or %2e) bypass this check.

Specifically:

1. In _validate_resource_uri_in_skill(), a resource URI such as skill://acme/billing/refunds/%2e%2e/other/secret.txt starts with root + "/" (/billing/refunds/), but its segments (["", "billing", "refunds", "%2e%2e", "other", "secret.txt"]) do not literally equal ".." or ".". As a result, the resource is admitted as a valid member of skill://acme/billing/refunds/SKILL.md.
2. In validate_directory_result(), line 293 checks relative in (".", ".."). A child URI containing %2e%2e or %2e bypasses this check and is admitted as a valid direct child.

Example Code

from mcp.shared.skills import Skill, SkillResource, ReadDirectoryResult, validate_directory_result
from mcp_types import Resource

root = "skill://git-workflow/SKILL.md"
digest = "sha256:" + "a" * 64

# 1. Percent-encoded traversal bypasses manifest validation:
s = Skill(
    uri=root,
    frontmatter={"name": "git-workflow", "description": "d"},
    resources=[
        SkillResource(uri=root, digest=digest, size=10),
        SkillResource(uri="skill://git-workflow/%2e%2e/evil.md", digest=digest, size=10)
    ]
)
# Expected: ValueError / ValidationError for traversal segment
# Observed: Accepted without error

# 2. Percent-encoded dot-segment bypasses directory validation:
res = ReadDirectoryResult(resources=[Resource(uri="skill://pdf/templates/%2e%2e", name="x")])
validate_directory_result("skill://pdf/templates", res)
# Expected: ValueError ("is not a direct child")
# Observed: Accepted without error

Proposed Fix

Normalize path segments with urllib.parse.unquote() before splitting and inspecting dot-segments in both _validate_resource_uri_in_skill and validate_directory_result.

I have a minimal regression test and fix ready and would be happy to submit a PR if this looks good.