docs: rewrite the github docs in ASD-STE100

[jshvn]

Consistency review, phase 5, for github: C27, C33, C43, C47, C49, C66 and C77 (all Markdown in ASD-STE100).

• CLAUDE.md has the six-mirror shape (C33). The run is daily (C27).
• README.md: the healthcheck before a first fill (C43), operation (C47). The session rules and the public-logs paragraph link to lib (C49, C66).

Merge after the lib docs PR: links here go to sections that it adds.

Test plan

• Fact check (spec §4) by a second agent; each fix round re-checked
• Items and STE review
• task check after the rebase onto main: render matches render.txt