zayenz · Oct 13, 2026 · Oct 13, 2026 · Oct 13, 2026 · Oct 13, 2026 · Oct 13, 2026
diff --git a/.github/workflows/build.yml b/.github/workflows/build.yml
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ jobs:
 
     - name: Configure
       shell: bash
-      run: ./configure
+      run: ./configure --enable-experimental
 
     - name: Build
       shell: bash
@@ -233,6 +233,7 @@ jobs:
       shell: bash
       run: >
         cmake -S "$GITHUB_WORKSPACE" -B "$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/build-ninja"
+        -DGECODE_ENABLE_EXPERIMENTAL=ON
         -G Ninja
         -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=$BUILD_TYPE
         -DGECODE_ENABLE_QT=OFF
@@ -496,6 +497,7 @@ jobs:
         -DGECODE_ENABLE_MPFR=OFF
         -DGECODE_BUILD_SHARED=${{ matrix.build_shared }}
         -DGECODE_BUILD_STATIC=${{ matrix.build_static }}
+        -DGECODE_ENABLE_EXPERIMENTAL=${{ matrix.build_shared }}
 
     - name: Build
       shell: pwsh
@@ -607,6 +609,7 @@ jobs:
           -DGECODE_ENABLE_MPFR=OFF \
           -DGECODE_BUILD_SHARED=OFF \
           -DGECODE_BUILD_STATIC=ON \
+          -DGECODE_ENABLE_EXPERIMENTAL=ON \
           -DGECODE_ENABLE_EXAMPLES=OFF \
           -DGECODE_ENABLE_FLATZINC=OFF
 
@@ -675,7 +678,7 @@ jobs:
       shell: msys2 {0}
       run: |
         export PATH="$UV_DIR:$PATH"
-        CC=gcc CXX=g++ ./configure --with-host-os=Windows --disable-qt --disable-gist --disable-mpfr
+        CC=gcc CXX=g++ ./configure --with-host-os=Windows --disable-qt --disable-gist --disable-mpfr --enable-experimental
 
     - name: Build
       shell: msys2 {0}

diff --git a/CMakeLists.txt b/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -107,6 +107,7 @@ endif()
 set(GECODE_ENABLE_GIST "${GECODE_ENABLE_GIST_DEFAULT}" CACHE STRING "Enable Gist (AUTO, ON, or OFF)")
 set_property(CACHE GECODE_ENABLE_GIST PROPERTY STRINGS AUTO ON OFF)
 option(GECODE_ENABLE_CPPROFILER "Enable CPProfiler support" ON)
+option(GECODE_ENABLE_EXPERIMENTAL "Enable experimental preview APIs" OFF)
 option(GECODE_ENABLE_CBS "Enable counting-based search support" OFF)
 set(GECODE_ENABLE_EXAMPLES_DEFAULT ${PROJECT_IS_TOP_LEVEL})
 option(GECODE_ENABLE_EXAMPLES "Build examples" ${GECODE_ENABLE_EXAMPLES_DEFAULT})
@@ -692,6 +693,9 @@ endif()
 if(GECODE_ENABLE_CPPROFILER)
   set(GECODE_HAS_CPPROFILER "/**/")
 endif()
+if(GECODE_ENABLE_EXPERIMENTAL)
+  set(GECODE_HAS_EXPERIMENTAL "/**/")
+endif()
 if(GECODE_ENABLE_CBS)
   set(GECODE_HAS_CBS "/**/")
 endif()
@@ -1815,6 +1819,7 @@ include(FeatureSummary)
 foreach(gecode_option IN ITEMS
     GECODE_BUILD_SHARED GECODE_BUILD_STATIC
     GECODE_ENABLE_THREAD GECODE_ENABLE_CPPROFILER GECODE_ENABLE_CBS
+    GECODE_ENABLE_EXPERIMENTAL
     GECODE_ENABLE_EXAMPLES GECODE_INSTALL
     GECODE_ENABLE_SEARCH GECODE_ENABLE_INT_VARS GECODE_ENABLE_SET_VARS
     GECODE_ENABLE_FLOAT_VARS GECODE_ENABLE_MINIMODEL GECODE_ENABLE_DRIVER

diff --git a/Makefile.in b/Makefile.in
@@ -269,19 +269,24 @@ SEARCHSRC0 = \
 	cpprofiler/tracer worker-control
 SEARCHHDR0 = \
 	statistics.hpp stop.hpp options.hpp cutoff.hpp \
-	support.hh worker.hh worker-control.hh exception.hpp engine.hpp base.hpp \
+	support.hh beam-heap.hh choice-expansion.hh \
+	worker.hh worker-control.hh exception.hpp engine.hpp base.hpp \
 	nogoods.hh nogoods.hpp build.hpp traits.hpp sebs.hpp \
 	seq/path.hh seq/path.hpp seq/dfs.hh seq/dfs.hpp \
-	seq/bab.hh seq/bab.hpp seq/lds.hh seq/lds.hpp \
+	seq/bab.hh seq/bab.hpp seq/astar.hh seq/cabs.hh seq/lds.hh seq/lds.hpp \
 	seq/rbs.hh seq/rbs.hpp seq/dead.hh \
 	seq/pbs.hh seq/pbs.hpp \
 	par/path.hh par/path.hpp par/engine.hh par/engine.hpp \
 	par/dfs.hh par/dfs.hpp par/bab.hh par/bab.hpp \
-	par/pbs.hh par/pbs.hpp \
-	dfs.hpp bab.hpp lds.hpp rbs.hpp pbs.hpp \
+	par/pbs.hh par/pbs.hpp par/frontier.hh \
+	dfs.hpp bab.hpp astar.hpp cabs.hpp lds.hpp rbs.hpp pbs.hpp \
 	relax.hh tracer.hpp trace-recorder.hpp \
 	cpprofiler/message.hpp cpprofiler/connector.hpp
 
+ifeq "@enable_experimental@" "yes"
+SEARCHSRC0 += astar cabs par/frontier
+endif
+
 SEARCHSRC	= $(SEARCHSRC0:%=gecode/search/%.cpp)
 SEARCHHDR	= gecode/search.hh $(SEARCHHDR0:%=gecode/search/%)
 SEARCHOBJ	= $(SEARCHSRC:%.cpp=%$(OBJSUFFIX))
@@ -915,8 +920,13 @@ INTEXAMPLESRC0 =						\
 	qcp job-shop open-route common-pattern fifteen-puzzle
 
 
+ifeq "@enable_experimental@" "yes"
+INTEXAMPLESRC0 += tsptw
+endif
+
 INTEXAMPLEHDR  = $(INTEXAMPLEHDR0:%=examples/%.hpp) \
-	examples/common-pattern.hh
+	examples/common-pattern.hh \
+	examples/tsptw-data.hh examples/tsptw-transition.hh
 INTEXAMPLESRC  = $(INTEXAMPLESRC0:%=examples/%.cpp)
 ifeq "@enable_examples@" "yes"
 INSTALLEXAMPLEHDR = $(INTEXAMPLEHDR)

diff --git a/changelog.in b/changelog.in
@@ -56,6 +56,8 @@
 #     driver|iter|support|example|test|gist|flatzinc|other
 #   What:   bug|documentation|performance|new|removed|change
 #   Rank:   minor|major
+#   Experimental: true|false <optional, defaults to false>
+#     True entries appear under Experimental changes within each release.
 #   Bug:    <optional, for number from bugzilla>
 #   Issue:  <optional, for number from github>
 #   Thanks: <optional, who reported etc>
@@ -116,6 +118,23 @@ Rank:   minor
 Honor propagation annotations in cumulative and unary scheduling bindings,
 including the unary specializations of cumulative constraints.
 
+[ENTRY]
+Module: search
+What:   new
+Rank:   major
+Experimental: true
+[DESCRIPTION]
+Add experimental A* (AStar) and complete anytime beam search (CABS).
+[MORE]
+Both engines use objective bounds for pruning and optional ranks to guide
+exploration. They support parallel search, dynamic worker control, and
+portfolios with BAB. CABS also supports model-defined dominance.
+Enable with --enable-experimental or GECODE_ENABLE_EXPERIMENTAL=ON;
+the preview is disabled by default. APIs may change or be removed in future
+feature releases. The fifteen-puzzle and TSPTW examples demonstrate both
+engines. TSPTW compares a closed CP model with a transition model that
+constructs the route one city at a time.
+
 [ENTRY]
 Module: int
 What:   new

diff --git a/cmake/GecodeSources.cmake b/cmake/GecodeSources.cmake
@@ -51,6 +51,14 @@ set(GECODE_SEARCH_SOURCES
   gecode/search/worker-control.cpp
 )
 
+if(GECODE_ENABLE_EXPERIMENTAL)
+  list(APPEND GECODE_SEARCH_SOURCES
+    gecode/search/astar.cpp
+    gecode/search/cabs.cpp
+    gecode/search/par/frontier.cpp
+  )
+endif()
+
 set(GECODE_INT_SOURCES
   gecode/int/arithmetic.cpp
   gecode/int/arithmetic/mult.cpp

diff --git a/configure b/configure
@@ -680,6 +680,7 @@ HAVEFLEX
 enable_cpprofiler
 LINKCPPROFILER
 enable_cbs
+enable_experimental
 enable_gist
 enable_qt
 QTLIBS
@@ -859,6 +860,7 @@ with_mpfr_include
 with_mpfr_lib
 enable_qt
 enable_gist
+enable_experimental
 enable_cbs
 enable_cpprofiler
 enable_driver
@@ -1531,6 +1533,7 @@ Optional Features:
   --enable-qt             build with Qt support, requires Qt 5.15 or newer
                           [default=yes]
   --enable-gist           build Gecode Interactive Search Tool [default=yes]
+  --enable-experimental   build experimental preview APIs [default=no]
   --enable-cbs            build with support for counting-based search
                           [default=no]
   --enable-cpprofiler     build with support for CPProfiler [default=yes]
@@ -3409,6 +3412,8 @@ GECODE_SOVERSION=${ac_gecode_soversion}
 
 
 
+
+
 
 
 
@@ -13593,6 +13598,32 @@ printf "%s\n" "no" >&6; }
   fi
 
 
+  # Check whether --enable-experimental was given.
+if test ${enable_experimental+y}
+then :
+  enableval=$enable_experimental;
+else case e in #(
+  e) enable_experimental=no ;;
+esac
+fi
+
+  { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking whether to build experimental preview APIs" >&5
+printf %s "checking whether to build experimental preview APIs... " >&6; }
+  case $enable_experimental in #(
+  yes) :
+
+printf "%s\n" "#define GECODE_HAS_EXPERIMENTAL /**/" >>confdefs.h
+ ;; #(
+  no) :
+     ;; #(
+  *) :
+    as_fn_error $? "--enable-experimental accepts only yes or no" "$LINENO" 5 ;;
+esac
+  { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $enable_experimental" >&5
+printf "%s\n" "$enable_experimental" >&6; }
+
+
+
   # Check whether --enable-cbs was given.
 if test ${enable_cbs+y}
 then :

diff --git a/configure.ac b/configure.ac
@@ -264,6 +264,7 @@ dnl ------------------------------------------------------------------
 AC_GECODE_MPFR
 AC_GECODE_QT
 AC_GECODE_GIST
+AC_GECODE_EXPERIMENTAL
 AC_GECODE_CBS
 AC_GECODE_CPPROFILER
 AC_GECODE_FLEXBISON

diff --git a/docs/worker-control.md b/docs/worker-control.md
@@ -3,7 +3,8 @@
 ## Purpose
 
 `Search::WorkerControl` lets an external scheduler change how many workers a
-running DFS or BAB engine may use. A portfolio with a fixed thread budget can
+running DFS or BAB engine may use. Experimental AStar and CABS engines also
+support worker control. A portfolio with a fixed thread budget can
 move workers among its engines at runtime.
 
 The engine still starts with a fixed maximum:
@@ -26,8 +27,8 @@ control.request(1); // Resume
 Gecode resolves the `threads` option when it constructs the engine. The result
 is the fixed worker capacity. A request must be between zero and that capacity,
 inclusive. Zero pauses the engine without discarding its search state.
-This also applies when the resolved capacity is one: sequential DFS and BAB
-wait at search boundaries until the control resumes them.
+This also applies when the resolved capacity is one: sequential DFS, BAB,
+AStar, and CABS wait at search boundaries until the control resumes them.
 Pausing requires a build with thread support. Without thread support, attaching
 an initially paused control or calling `request(0)` raises
 `Search::InvalidWorkerRequest`; controls must be used from one thread.
@@ -80,8 +81,9 @@ An empty default-constructed handle means that worker adjustment is disabled.
 Calling `request` on an empty handle raises
 `Search::UninitializedWorkerControl`.
 
-A shared identity can be bound to only one leaf engine at a time. It cannot be
-shared by two DFS/BAB engines or attached directly to an enclosing meta-engine.
+A shared identity can be bound to only one leaf engine at a time (DFS, BAB,
+AStar, or CABS). It cannot be shared by two engines or attached directly to an
+enclosing meta-engine.
 Ordinary reuse for a replacement engine after destruction is also rejected.
 These uses raise `Search::WorkerControlInUse`.
 

diff --git a/doxygen/doxygen.conf.in b/doxygen/doxygen.conf.in
@@ -1007,6 +1007,7 @@ PREDEFINED             = "GECODE_SET_EXPORT=" \
                          "GECODE_HAS_FLOAT_VARS=1" \
                          "GECODE_HAS_GIST=1" \
                          "GECODE_HAS_CPPROFILER=1" \
+                         "GECODE_HAS_EXPERIMENTAL=1" \
                          "GECODE_THREADS_PTHREADS=1" \
                          "GECODE_HAS_THREADS=1" \
                          "GECODE_HAS_MPFR=1" \

diff --git a/examples/CMakeLists.txt b/examples/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -115,3 +115,9 @@ endfunction()
 foreach(example_source IN LISTS GECODE_EXAMPLE_SOURCES)
   gecode_add_example("${example_source}")
 endforeach()
+
+if(GECODE_ENABLE_EXPERIMENTAL)
+  add_executable(tsptw tsptw.cpp)
+  target_link_libraries(tsptw PRIVATE gecodesearch gecodeint)
+  set_property(TARGET tsptw PROPERTY FOLDER "Examples")
+endif()
diff --git a/examples/data/tsptw/README.md b/examples/data/tsptw/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+# TSPTW example
+
+`examples/tsptw.cpp` solves the travelling salesperson problem with time windows.
+The small `waiting.txt` instance has two customers. Its optimal route is
+`0 -> 1 -> 2 -> 0`, with travel cost 5. It reaches customer 1 at time 2,
+waits until time 5, and returns to the depot at time 8.
+
+## Running
+
+Enable `GECODE_ENABLE_EXPERIMENTAL=ON` when configuring Gecode. Replace
+`build/open-search` below with that build directory.
+
+```sh
+cmake --build build/open-search --target tsptw -j 8
+build/open-search/bin/tsptw examples/data/tsptw/waiting.txt --engine bab
+build/open-search/bin/tsptw examples/data/tsptw/waiting.txt --formulation transition --engine astar
+build/open-search/bin/tsptw examples/data/tsptw/waiting.txt --formulation transition --engine cabs
+```
+
+Both formulations support depth-first branch and bound (`bab`), A*, and complete
+anytime beam search (`cabs`). The executable emits JSON lines: improving
+`solution` records followed by a `summary`. Each tour lists every customer once,
+omitting the depot at both ends. Costs and return times are exact decimals;
+records also include the integer cost and scale used by the model.
+
+Exhausting search reports `optimal` with a solution or `infeasible` without one.
+A resource limit reports `stopped`; any reported solution remains feasible, but
+the run has not proved optimality or infeasibility.
+
+## Input format
+
+`examples/tsptw-data.hh` reads a node count `n` including depot 0, an `n` by `n`
+matrix in row order, then `n` ready/due time pairs in node order. Whitespace
+separates values and `#` starts a comment. Exactly `n*n + 2*n` values must follow
+the node count.
+
+Each matrix entry supplies both travel time and cost for a directed trip.
+The objective includes the return trip to depot 0. Waiting adds no cost.
+If the input includes service time, it must already be included in outgoing
+matrix entries. Travel times may differ by direction, and travelling through
+another node may be cheaper than going directly.
+
+Departure is fixed at time zero. Each visit starts no earlier than its ready
+time and no later than its due time; early arrivals wait. Return to depot 0
+must meet its window too; the depot ready time must be zero. Values are
+nonnegative decimals without signs or exponents. The reader scales them exactly
+to integers and rejects inputs whose dimensions, scaled values, or tour
+arithmetic exceed Gecode's integer limits.
+
+## Model and search choices
+
+The default `--formulation closed` creates all successor and visit-time variables
+before search. A circuit constraint visits every node once and sums travel
+costs; choosing a trip activates its timing constraint. Search branches on trip
+costs first, then successors. `--formulation transition` creates visit variables
+as the route grows, with explicit waiting and depot return checks.
+
+The transition formulation accepts `--bound prefix|min-arcs` and
+`--residual-propagation off|cheap|unary`, defaulting to `prefix` and `off`.
+The prefix bound uses travel cost so far. `min-arcs` also estimates remaining
+cost by summing the cheapest incoming trips and the cheapest outgoing trips,
+then taking the larger total. These trips need not form a tour, so the estimate
+can be too low.
+
+`cheap` checks whether each remaining customer can still be reached and followed
+by a return within the deadlines, using shortest travel times. `unary` adds a
+temporary schedule in which visits cannot overlap and each visit occupies its
+cheapest outgoing travel time. These checks can reject a partial route or rule
+out its next customer. Shortest paths may use visited customers, keeping the
+checks valid when indirect travel is cheaper than direct travel.
+
+CABS with `transition` discards a candidate when another live candidate for the
+same location and unvisited customers arrives no later and at no greater cost.
+Use `--dominance off` to disable this pruning.
+
+`--time-ms N` and `--node-limit N` stop search at engine boundaries; time
+includes reading and preprocessing. They cannot interrupt propagation. CABS
+also accepts `--max-width N` and `--frontier-limit N`, where zero disables the cap.
+Runs default to one search thread; use `--threads N` to change the thread count.
diff --git a/examples/data/tsptw/waiting.txt b/examples/data/tsptw/waiting.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+3
+0 2 9
+4 0 1
+2 8 0
+0 20
+5 10
+0 12
+# Asymmetric and nonmetric: 0->2 is more costly than 0->1->2.