test-python-examples.yml

# Runs examples/ against the `arcadedb-jvm` wheel. The wheel is py3-none-<platform tag> (setup.py): the `build` job builds it once for each
# platform, and the `test-examples` job installs that one file into each Python and runs the examples. Nothing is built per Python.
name: Test Python Examples

on:
  push:
    branches: [main]
    paths-ignore:
      # Changes that cannot alter what these jobs build or run. README.md and
      # tests/README.md are deliberately NOT here: the wheel build copies README.md
      # (scripts/Dockerfile.build, pyproject `readme`) and test_no_monorepo_wording.py
      # reads both. docs/** is safe to skip while tests/conftest.py collect-ignores
      # test_docs_examples.py (it needs docs/index.md); if that Markdown site comes
      # back, take docs/** out of this list. Schedule, dispatch and workflow_call
      # ignore these filters and always run everything.
      - "docs/**"
      - "**/*.adoc"
      - "CLAUDE.md"
      - "examples/README.md"
      - "LICENSE*"
      # the native build has its own workflows; nothing under native/ is in the JVM wheel
      - "native/**"
      - ".github/workflows/test-native.yml"
      - ".github/workflows/release-native.yml"
  pull_request:
    # ready_for_review: draft PRs skip the platform matrices (see the job conditions),
    # so marking one ready is what starts them.
    types: [opened, synchronize, reopened, ready_for_review]
    paths-ignore:
      # Same list as under push.
      - "docs/**"
      - "**/*.adoc"
      - "CLAUDE.md"
      - "examples/README.md"
      - "LICENSE*"
      # the native build has its own workflows; nothing under native/ is in the JVM wheel
      - "native/**"
      - ".github/workflows/test-native.yml"
      - ".github/workflows/release-native.yml"

  # A new upstream snapshot is published as arcadedata/arcadedb:latest without
  # any change here, so build and test against it every night as well. The tag
  # moves (ARCADEDB_IMAGE_TAG defaults to latest), so a night with no commit
  # here still tests a new engine; that is why there is no skip-if-main-unchanged
  # guard. One nightly per workflow, staggered an hour apart.
  schedule:
    - cron: "0 4 * * *"

  # Allow being called by other workflows (release-jvm.yml)
  workflow_call:
    inputs:
      arcadedb-tag:
        description: "arcadedata/arcadedb image tag to take the jars from (e.g. 26.10.2); default latest"
        required: false
        type: string
        default: "latest"
      examples:
        description: "Glob pattern(s) for examples to run (space-separated, relative to examples)."
        required: false
        type: string
        default: "0[1-9]_*.py 1[0-9]_*.py 2[0-9]_*.py"
      build-version:
        description: "Override package version (PEP 440) for build.sh"
        required: false
        type: string

  # Allow manual trigger
  workflow_dispatch:
    inputs:
      arcadedb-tag:
        description: "arcadedata/arcadedb image tag to take the jars from (e.g. 26.10.2); default latest"
        required: false
        default: "latest"
      examples:
        description: "Glob pattern(s) for examples to run (space-separated, relative to examples)."
        required: false
        default: "0[1-9]_*.py 1[0-9]_*.py 2[0-9]_*.py"

# SUPERSEDE, do not race (same rule in test-jvm.yml).
#
# A force-push to a PR branch left the OLD run going alongside the new one: on
# #6889 both 118b347ce and 75293c7a2 ran at once, and the stale one reported a
# failure that the newer commit had already fixed. Anyone reading the PR sees a
# red check against work that is done. The stale run also holds macOS/Windows
# runners the organisation shares with ArcadeData/arcadedb.
#
# cancel-in-progress is scoped to pull_request ONLY. On a push to a long-lived
# branch a superseded run is often the one you still want -- it is the record
# for that commit -- so those are left to finish, and they get a group of their
# own (run_id) so a queued push or nightly run is not replaced by a newer one
# either. The group names the workflow literally: github.workflow is the
# CALLER's name in a workflow_call, which would put this workflow and its
# sibling in one group.
concurrency:
  group: test-python-examples-${{ github.event.pull_request.number || github.run_id }}
  cancel-in-progress: ${{ github.event_name == 'pull_request' }}

env:
  # The image download-jars takes the jars from. Unset (push, pull_request, schedule)
  # means latest; a release build passes its tag.
  ARCADEDB_IMAGE_TAG: ${{ inputs.arcadedb-tag || 'latest' }}
  EXAMPLES: ${{ inputs.examples || '0[1-9]_*.py 1[0-9]_*.py 2[0-9]_*.py' }}

# Note: Example 21 runs in CI at reduced scale; its arguments and 15-minute
# limit are set in the per-example case in the "Run all examples" step below.

permissions:
  contents: read

jobs:
  # First job: Download ArcadeDB JARs (platform-agnostic)
  download-jars:
    name: Download ArcadeDB JARs
    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
    # Draft PRs skip the whole workflow; marking the PR ready starts it.
    if: github.event_name != 'pull_request' || github.event.pull_request.draft == false
    outputs:
      arcadedb-tag: ${{ steps.jars.outputs.arcadedb-tag }}
      matrix: ${{ steps.matrix.outputs.matrix }}
      wheel-matrix: ${{ steps.matrix.outputs.wheel-matrix }}
    steps:
      - name: Checkout code
        uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1 # v7.0.1

      # The platform x Python legs of this run (scripts/select_matrix.py): a small matrix on
      # pull requests, the full one on every other event. The organisation shares one runner
      # cap with ArcadeData/arcadedb, so a pull request does not run every combination.
      # The wheel matrix is the platforms of those legs, one build each: the wheel is
      # py3-none-<platform>, the same file for every Python.
      # Done first, so a failure here costs no Docker pull.
      - name: Select the test matrix
        id: matrix
        shell: bash
        env:
          EVENT_NAME: ${{ github.event_name }}
        run: |
          matrix="$(python3 scripts/select_matrix.py examples --event "$EVENT_NAME")"
          wheel_matrix="$(python3 scripts/select_matrix.py examples --event "$EVENT_NAME" --wheels)"
          echo "$matrix"
          echo "$wheel_matrix"
          echo "matrix=$matrix" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
          echo "wheel-matrix=$wheel_matrix" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"

      - name: Set up Docker Buildx
        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@f87e5991a6d7451dcb8d9637bfbc97413f497069 # v4.4.1

      - name: Download JARs from ArcadeDB Docker image
        id: jars
        shell: bash
        run: |
          # Download JARs from the official Docker image: ARCADEDB_IMAGE_TAG,
          # `latest` (upstream's current snapshot) unless the caller pinned a tag. Every build job, Linux included, builds
          # from these jars (the artifact below), not from its own pull: upstream
          # re-pushes the snapshot tag on every deploy, so a pull per job could put
          # two different engine builds under one version in a single run.
          echo "📦 Downloading JARs from arcadedata/arcadedb:${ARCADEDB_IMAGE_TAG}..."

          # Create output directory
          mkdir -p src/arcadedb/jars

          # Create a temporary container and copy JARs from it
          CONTAINER_ID=$(docker create "arcadedata/arcadedb:${ARCADEDB_IMAGE_TAG}")
          docker cp $CONTAINER_ID:/home/arcadedb/lib/. src/arcadedb/jars/
          docker rm $CONTAINER_ID

          echo "✅ Downloaded $(ls -1 src/arcadedb/jars/*.jar | wc -l) JARs"

          ARCADEDB_TAG=$(python3 scripts/extract_version.py src/arcadedb/jars --format=docker)
          echo "📌 ArcadeDB version: $ARCADEDB_TAG"
          # The build jobs pull arcadedata/arcadedb:<jar version> as their base image,
          # so a pinned tag must name that version exactly (26.10.2, not an alias).
          if [ "$ARCADEDB_IMAGE_TAG" != "latest" ] && [ "$ARCADEDB_IMAGE_TAG" != "$ARCADEDB_TAG" ]; then
            echo "❌ arcadedb-tag '$ARCADEDB_IMAGE_TAG' holds engine $ARCADEDB_TAG; pass the exact version tag"
            exit 1
          fi
          echo "arcadedb-tag=$ARCADEDB_TAG" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"

      # Unfiltered on purpose: build-native.sh applies scripts/jar_exclusions.txt
      # to whatever lands in the jars directory, so the list lives in one place.
      - name: Upload JARs as artifact
        uses: actions/upload-artifact@cf430e030ddbb5b0abf93d22962f4752f3646cd9 # v7.0.2
        with:
          name: arcadedb-jars-examples
          path: src/arcadedb/jars/*.jar
          retention-days: 1

  # Second job: build the wheel of each platform, once. The wheel is py3-none-<platform tag> (setup.py), so the file built here is
  # the one every Python of the test-examples job below installs: nothing is built per Python. build.sh takes a Python only for the
  # Linux container that builds and smoke-tests the wheel; any of them gives the same file. It also checks the size, the licences
  # and the tag of the wheel, as in test-jvm.yml.
  build:
    name: Build wheel for examples (${{ matrix.platform }})
    runs-on: ${{ matrix.runs-on }}
    needs: download-jars
    if: github.event_name != 'pull_request' || github.event.pull_request.draft == false
    env:
      BUILD_VERSION: ${{ inputs.build-version }}
    strategy:
      fail-fast: false
      # One leg per platform of the test matrix, from the "Select the test matrix" step of download-jars
      # (scripts/select_matrix.py --wheels): {"include": [{"platform": ..., "runs-on": ...}, ...]}.
      matrix: ${{ fromJSON(needs.download-jars.outputs.wheel-matrix) }}

    steps:
      - name: Checkout code
        uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1 # v7.0.1

      - name: Download JARs artifact
        uses: actions/download-artifact@9000827ccba6bdab643e8b6fd33ac0654aef8333 # v8.0.2
        with:
          name: arcadedb-jars-examples
          path: src/arcadedb/jars

      - name: Set up Java (for native builds on macOS/Windows)
        if: matrix.platform != 'linux/amd64' && matrix.platform != 'linux/arm64'
        uses: actions/setup-java@b843ebf9b913146b38da2eaa7aeddf76074ae1ad # v6.1.0
        with:
          distribution: 'corretto'
          java-version: '25'

      - name: Set up Docker Buildx (Linux only)
        if: matrix.platform == 'linux/amd64' || matrix.platform == 'linux/arm64'
        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@f87e5991a6d7451dcb8d9637bfbc97413f497069 # v4.4.1

      - name: Set up Python
        uses: actions/setup-python@6d4fd22b20465ccc0f7354476588e8df7c9ca0e0 # v7.1.0
        with:
          python-version: "3.12"

      - name: Setup UV package manager
        shell: bash
        run: |
          # Retry transient network failures (a connection reset failed a whole examples job on #8897); the
          # script is downloaded first so a retried transfer is never piped half-written into sh.
          installer="$(mktemp)"
          curl -LsSf --retry 5 --retry-all-errors --retry-delay 5 -o "$installer" https://astral.sh/uv/install.sh
          sh "$installer"
          echo "$HOME/.local/bin" >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
          export PATH="$HOME/.local/bin:$PATH"
          uv --version

      - name: Install Python build dependencies
        shell: bash
        run: |
          uv pip install --system build wheel setuptools

      - name: Set UTF-8 encoding (Windows only)
        if: matrix.platform == 'windows/amd64' || matrix.platform == 'windows/arm64'
        shell: bash
        run: |
          echo "PYTHONIOENCODING=utf-8" >> $GITHUB_ENV
          echo "PYTHONUTF8=1" >> $GITHUB_ENV

      # Windows currently enabled, no symlink needed
      # - name: Create python3 symlink (Windows only)
      #   if: matrix.platform == 'windows/amd64' || matrix.platform == 'windows/arm64'
      #   shell: bash
      #   run: |
      #     PYTHON_DIR=$(dirname "$(which python)")
      #     ln -s "$PYTHON_DIR/python.exe" "$PYTHON_DIR/python3.exe" || true
      #     python3 --version

      - name: Build arcadedb (${{ matrix.platform }})
        shell: bash
        env:
          # The engine version download-jars read from the ARCADEDB_IMAGE_TAG jars;
          # the Docker build takes its base image by this tag, the jars from the artifact
          ARCADEDB_TAG: ${{ needs.download-jars.outputs.arcadedb-tag }}
        run: |
          echo "🔨 Building arcadedb-jvm for ${{ matrix.platform }}..."
          # The jars download-jars fetched, on every platform, so all wheels of this
          # run carry the same engine build (and build.sh checks the integration jar)
          ./scripts/build.sh ${{ matrix.platform }} 3.12 src/arcadedb/jars

      # build.sh already ran this (and the size check); it is repeated here as in test-jvm.yml, so the tag shows in this job's log and
      # summary and a change to build.sh cannot drop it unnoticed. The wheel must be py3-none-<platform>, the file every Python installs.
      - name: Check the wheel tag
        shell: bash
        run: |
          python scripts/verify_wheel_tag.py dist/*.whl
          {
            echo "## 📦 Wheel: arcadedb-jvm (${{ matrix.platform }})"
            echo
            for w in dist/*.whl; do
              echo "- \`$(basename "$w")\`, $(du -m "$w" | cut -f1) MB"
            done
          } >> "$GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY"

      # One wheel per platform, for the test-examples legs of that platform. Named examples-wheel-<platform>, not wheel-<platform>:
      # a release runs this workflow and test-jvm.yml in one run, and release-jvm.yml publishes every wheel-* artifact.
      - name: Upload wheel artifact
        uses: actions/upload-artifact@cf430e030ddbb5b0abf93d22962f4752f3646cd9 # v7.0.2
        with:
          name: examples-wheel-${{ matrix.platform == 'linux/amd64' && 'linux-amd64' || matrix.platform == 'linux/arm64' && 'linux-arm64' || matrix.platform == 'darwin/amd64' && 'darwin-amd64' || matrix.platform == 'darwin/arm64' && 'darwin-arm64' || matrix.platform == 'windows/amd64' && 'windows-amd64' || 'windows-arm64' }}
          path: dist/*.whl
          if-no-files-found: error
          retention-days: 1

  # Third job: install the wheel of the platform into each Python and run the examples. Nothing is built here: the wheel is
  # the file the build job made (py3-none-<platform tag>), so each Python runs the examples against the same file that is published.
  test-examples:
    name: Test Python Examples (${{ matrix.platform }}, Python ${{ matrix.python-version }})
    runs-on: ${{ matrix.runs-on }}
    needs: [download-jars, build]
    if: github.event_name != 'pull_request' || github.event.pull_request.draft == false
    env:
      # Pin the Hugging Face cache inside the workspace so it is cacheable with
      # one path on every platform (the default differs per OS). The examples
      # embed with sentence-transformers, and the full matrix is 16 jobs, so
      # uncached that is 16 independent model downloads per release and 16
      # chances for a transient hub outage to fail a release. It has happened.
      HF_HOME: ${{ github.workspace }}/.hf-cache
    strategy:
      fail-fast: false
      # Chosen by the "Select the test matrix" step of download-jars from the event that
      # started the run (scripts/select_matrix.py holds the platform and Python lists):
      # small on pull requests, the full 4 platforms x 4 Pythons on every other event.
      # Every leg carries platform, runs-on and python-version, so the job names stay
      # "Test Python Examples (<platform>, Python <version>)".
      matrix: ${{ fromJSON(needs.download-jars.outputs.matrix) }}

    steps:
      - name: Checkout code
        uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1 # v7.0.1

      - name: Set up Python
        uses: actions/setup-python@6d4fd22b20465ccc0f7354476588e8df7c9ca0e0 # v7.1.0
        with:
          python-version: ${{ matrix.python-version }}

      - name: Setup UV package manager
        shell: bash
        run: |
          # Retry transient network failures (a connection reset failed a whole examples job on #8897); the
          # script is downloaded first so a retried transfer is never piped half-written into sh.
          installer="$(mktemp)"
          curl -LsSf --retry 5 --retry-all-errors --retry-delay 5 -o "$installer" https://astral.sh/uv/install.sh
          sh "$installer"
          echo "$HOME/.local/bin" >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
          export PATH="$HOME/.local/bin:$PATH"
          uv --version

      # The wheel of this platform, built once by the build job and the same file for every Python.
      - name: Download the wheel of ${{ matrix.platform }}
        uses: actions/download-artifact@9000827ccba6bdab643e8b6fd33ac0654aef8333 # v8.0.2
        with:
          name: examples-wheel-${{ matrix.platform == 'linux/amd64' && 'linux-amd64' || matrix.platform == 'linux/arm64' && 'linux-arm64' || matrix.platform == 'darwin/amd64' && 'darwin-amd64' || matrix.platform == 'darwin/arm64' && 'darwin-arm64' || matrix.platform == 'windows/amd64' && 'windows-amd64' || 'windows-arm64' }}
          path: test-install

      # Note: Java is NOT required - arcadedb has bundled JRE!

      - name: Install ArcadeDB Python bindings
        shell: bash
        run: |
          uv pip install --system test-install/arcadedb_jvm-*.whl

      - name: Install example dependencies
        shell: bash
        run: |
          # Install dependencies needed by examples
          # PyTorch is required by sentence-transformers, even on macOS
          # For Python 3.13+, wheels might only be on PyTorch official index
          if [[ "$OSTYPE" == "darwin"* ]]; then
            # macOS: Install CPU-only PyTorch (supports MPS acceleration)
            uv pip install --system torch --index-url https://download.pytorch.org/whl/cpu
            # numpy is not capped: the old macOS `numpy<2.0` was for Intel Macs, where PyTorch stops at 2.2 (built against
            # NumPy 1.x). That leg (darwin/amd64) is disabled; re-enabling it needs the cap back for that platform only.
            # On Apple Silicon the cap breaks pyarrow, which requires NumPy 2 (example 27).
            uv pip install --system numpy requests sentence-transformers pandas polars pyarrow
          else
            # Linux & Windows: Install CPU-only PyTorch to save space (avoid CUDA)
            uv pip install --system torch --index-url https://download.pytorch.org/whl/cpu
            uv pip install --system numpy requests sentence-transformers pandas polars pyarrow
          fi

      # Restored before the dataset step, which is what triggers the model
      # download. Keyed on the model name so bumping the model invalidates it.
      - name: Cache Hugging Face model
        uses: actions/cache@55cc8345863c7cc4c66a329aec7e433d2d1c52a9 # v6.1.0
        with:
          path: ${{ github.workspace }}/.hf-cache
          key: hf-all-MiniLM-L6-v2-${{ runner.os }}-${{ runner.arch }}
          restore-keys: |
            hf-all-MiniLM-L6-v2-${{ runner.os }}-

      # Pre-warm with bounded retries, separately from the dataset step, so a
      # transient hub failure is retried here rather than surfacing mid-example
      # as an OSError that reads like a bindings bug. Retrying is appropriate
      # for this step specifically: it exercises third-party I/O, not our code.
      # Deliberately NOT fail-fast: if the hub is truly down the dataset step
      # below still runs and fails with its own message, so this cannot turn a
      # real breakage into a silent skip.
      - name: Pre-warm embedding model
        shell: bash
        continue-on-error: true
        run: |
          uv pip install --system sentence-transformers >/dev/null 2>&1 || true
          for attempt in 1 2 3; do
            if python3 -c "from sentence_transformers import SentenceTransformer; SentenceTransformer('all-MiniLM-L6-v2'); print('model ready')"; then
              echo "✅ model cached on attempt $attempt"
              exit 0
            fi
            echo "⚠️  model fetch failed (attempt $attempt/3)"
            [ "$attempt" -lt 3 ] && sleep $((attempt * 20))
          done
          echo "::warning::could not pre-warm the embedding model after 3 attempts; the dataset step will retry"

      - name: Download datasets
        shell: bash
        run: |
          uv pip install --system tqdm py7zr lxml
          cd examples

          # Determine which examples are selected
          examples=$(ls $EXAMPLES 2>/dev/null || true)

          # EXIT 75 MEANS "THE DATASET HOST IS DOWN", NOT "THE BINDINGS BROKE".
          #
          # On 2026-08-29 the TLS certificate for files.grouplens.org expired and
          # every job here went red on BOTH this fork and upstream's main -- 11
          # and 12 jobs, every OS, Python 3.10 through 3.14 -- at this step,
          # before a single example ran. Re-running does not help: a re-run
          # happens now, and the certificate is still expired.
          #
          # The cost is not the lost coverage, it is that upstream's main showed
          # a failing run titled with a Python bindings PR. A third party letting
          # a certificate lapse must not be indistinguishable from a regression
          # we introduced.
          #
          # So: skip the examples that need the dataset, keep running the rest,
          # and say plainly why. Any other non-zero exit is still a hard failure.
          SKIPPED_DATASETS=""
          fetch() {  # fetch <label> <download_data.py args...>
            local label="$1"; shift
            # rc MUST be captured in the else branch. After `if cmd; then ...; fi`
            # with no else, the IF STATEMENT returns 0, so a `$?` read after `fi`
            # is the if's status and not the command's -- which silently turned
            # every failure into "exited 0" and would have made this skip
            # everything, including real ones.
            local rc=0
            if python3 download_data.py "$@"; then
              return 0
            else
              rc=$?
            fi
            if [ "$rc" -eq 75 ]; then
              echo "::warning title=Dataset unavailable::$label host unreachable; skipping examples that need it"
              SKIPPED_DATASETS="$SKIPPED_DATASETS $label"
              return 0
            fi
            echo "::error title=Dataset download failed::$label exited $rc"
            return "$rc"
          }

          if echo "$examples" | grep -qE '(^|[[:space:]])(04_csv_import_documents|05_csv_import_graph|06_vector_search_recommendations)\.py([[:space:]]|$)'; then
            echo "📥 Downloading MovieLens Small dataset..."
            fetch movielens-small movielens-small
          fi

          if echo "$examples" | grep -qE '(^|[[:space:]])(07_stackoverflow_tables_oltp|08_stackoverflow_tables_olap|09_stackoverflow_graph_oltp|10_stackoverflow_graph_olap|13_stackoverflow_hybrid_queries)\.py([[:space:]]|$)'; then
            echo "📥 Downloading Stack Overflow Tiny dataset (no vectors)..."
            fetch stackoverflow-tiny-novec stackoverflow-tiny --no-vectors
          fi

          if echo "$examples" | grep -qE '(^|[[:space:]])(11_vector_index_build|12_vector_search)\.py([[:space:]]|$)'; then
            echo "📥 Downloading Stack Overflow Tiny dataset (with vectors)..."
            fetch stackoverflow-tiny stackoverflow-tiny
          fi

          # HAND THE SKIP LIST TO THE NEXT STEP.
          #
          # Each step is its own shell, so SKIPPED_DATASETS dies here. Without
          # this the download skips politely and the example loop then runs
          # 04_csv_import_documents.py --dataset movielens-small against data
          # that was never fetched -- the job still fails, just later and with a
          # worse error. Caught in review on #6889.
          echo "SKIPPED_DATASETS=$(echo $SKIPPED_DATASETS | xargs)" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
          if [ -n "$(echo $SKIPPED_DATASETS | xargs)" ]; then
            echo "::notice title=Datasets unavailable::skipping examples that need:$SKIPPED_DATASETS"
          fi

      - name: Install timeout command (macOS only)
        if: matrix.platform == 'darwin/amd64' || matrix.platform == 'darwin/arm64'
        shell: bash
        run: |
          # macOS doesn't have timeout command by default, use coreutils
          brew install coreutils

      - name: Set UTF-8 encoding (Windows only)
        if: matrix.platform == 'windows/amd64' || matrix.platform == 'windows/arm64'
        shell: bash
        run: |
          echo "PYTHONIOENCODING=utf-8" >> $GITHUB_ENV
          echo "PYTHONUTF8=1" >> $GITHUB_ENV

      - name: Run all examples
        id: run_examples
        shell: bash
        run: |
          cd examples

          echo "🚀 Running Python Examples..."
          echo ""

          # Initialize counters
          total=0
          passed=0
          failed=0
          skipped=0

          # Create results file
          results_file="example-results.txt"
          > $results_file

          # Select example files by pattern(s) in EXAMPLES (space-separated globs)
          examples=$(ls $EXAMPLES 2>/dev/null | sort)

          if [ -z "$examples" ]; then
            echo "❌ No example files found!"
            exit 1
          fi

          # Detect timeout command (macOS uses gtimeout, Linux uses timeout)
          if command -v gtimeout &> /dev/null; then
            TIMEOUT_CMD="gtimeout"
          else
            TIMEOUT_CMD="timeout"
          fi

          # WHICH EXAMPLES NEED WHICH DATASET. Same grouping the download step
          # uses to decide what to fetch, kept in the same file so the two
          # cannot drift into disagreeing about what a dataset is for.
          needs_dataset() {  # <example.py> -> prints the label, or nothing
            case "$1" in
              04_csv_import_documents.py|05_csv_import_graph.py|06_vector_search_recommendations.py)
                echo "movielens-small" ;;
              07_stackoverflow_tables_oltp.py|08_stackoverflow_tables_olap.py|09_stackoverflow_graph_oltp.py|10_stackoverflow_graph_olap.py|13_stackoverflow_hybrid_queries.py)
                echo "stackoverflow-tiny-novec" ;;
              11_vector_index_build.py|12_vector_search.py)
                echo "stackoverflow-tiny" ;;
            esac
          }

          # Run each example
          for example in $examples; do
            total=$((total + 1))

            # Skip, do not fail, when the dataset host was unreachable. Counted
            # as skipped and named, so a reader can tell "not run" from "passed".
            need=$(needs_dataset "$(basename "$example")")
            if [ -n "$need" ] && echo " ${SKIPPED_DATASETS:-} " | grep -q " $need "; then
              echo "SKIP $example - dataset '$need' unavailable (third-party host)"
              skipped=$((skipped + 1))
              continue
            fi

            # Set example-specific parameters and timeout
            case "$example" in
              "21_graph_analytical_view_sql.py")
                example_args="--base-cities 1200 --stale-growth-cities 300 --sync-growth-cities 200 --regions 12 --batch-size 300 --sample-limit 5"
                example_name="$example (reduced scale for CI)"
                timeout_duration=900  # 15 minutes
                example_jvm_args=""
                ;;
              "22_numpy_bulk_io.py")
                example_args="--rows 50000 --points 100000 --vectors 5000"
                example_name="$example (reduced scale for CI)"
                timeout_duration=600  # 10 minutes
                example_jvm_args=""
                ;;
              "04_csv_import_documents.py")
                example_args="--dataset movielens-small --export"
                example_name="$example (movielens-small dataset with export)"
                timeout_duration=900  # 15 minutes
                example_jvm_args="-Xmx8g -Xms8g"
                ;;
              "05_csv_import_graph.py")
                example_args="--dataset movielens-small --method sql --import-jsonl ./exports/movielens_small_db.jsonl.tgz --export"
                example_name="$example (movielens-small dataset, embedded sql method, import/export)"
                timeout_duration=900  # 15 minutes
                example_jvm_args=""
                ;;
              "06_vector_search_recommendations.py")
                example_args="--import-jsonl ./exports/movielens_graph_small_db.jsonl.tgz"
                example_name="$example (vector search, import from JSONL)"
                timeout_duration=900  # 15 minutes
                example_jvm_args=""
                ;;
              "07_stackoverflow_tables_oltp.py")
                example_args="--dataset stackoverflow-tiny --db arcadedb_sql --threads 1 --transactions 1000 --batch-size 500 --mem-limit 2g --run-label ci07"
                example_name="$example (stackoverflow-tiny, arcadedb_sql, minimal oltp)"
                timeout_duration=900
                example_jvm_args=""
                ;;
              "08_stackoverflow_tables_olap.py")
                example_args="--dataset stackoverflow-tiny --db arcadedb_sql --threads 1 --batch-size 500 --query-runs 1 --query-order fixed --mem-limit 2g --run-label ci08"
                example_name="$example (stackoverflow-tiny, arcadedb_sql, minimal olap)"
                timeout_duration=900
                example_jvm_args=""
                ;;
              "09_stackoverflow_graph_oltp.py")
                example_args="--dataset stackoverflow-tiny --db arcadedb_cypher --threads 1 --transactions 1000 --batch-size 500 --mem-limit 2g --run-label ci09"
                example_name="$example (stackoverflow-tiny graph oltp, arcadedb cypher, minimal)"
                timeout_duration=900
                example_jvm_args=""
                ;;
              "10_stackoverflow_graph_olap.py")
                example_args="--dataset stackoverflow-tiny --db arcadedb_cypher --threads 1 --batch-size 500 --query-runs 1 --query-order fixed --mem-limit 2g --run-label ci10"
                example_name="$example (stackoverflow-tiny graph olap, arcadedb cypher, minimal)"
                timeout_duration=900
                example_jvm_args=""
                ;;
              "11_vector_index_build.py")
                example_args="--backend arcadedb_sql --dataset stackoverflow-tiny --threads 1 --mem-limit 2g --batch-size 500 --beam-width 100 --quantization NONE --run-label ci11_arcadedb_sql"
                example_name="$example (vector build, arcadedb_sql backend, minimal)"
                timeout_duration=1200
                example_jvm_args=""
                ;;
              "12_vector_search.py")
                db_path=$(find ./my_test_databases -maxdepth 1 -type d -name 'backend=arcadedb_sql_dataset=stackoverflow-tiny_*run=ci11_arcadedb_sql' | head -n 1)
                if [ -z "$db_path" ]; then
                  echo "❌ Missing build output for 12_vector_search.py. Ensure 11_vector_index_build.py ran first." | tee -a $results_file
                  failed=$((failed + 1))
                  echo ""
                  continue
                fi
                example_args="--backend arcadedb_sql --dataset stackoverflow-tiny --db-path $db_path --ef-search-values 100 --k 10 --query-limit 100 --query-runs 1 --query-order fixed --threads 1 --mem-limit 2g --run-label ci12_arcadedb_sql"
                example_name="$example (vector search, arcadedb_sql backend, minimal)"
                timeout_duration=1200
                example_jvm_args=""
                ;;
              "13_stackoverflow_hybrid_queries.py")
                example_args="--dataset stackoverflow-tiny --batch-size 500 --encode-batch-size 64 --top-k 5 --candidate-limit 100 --min-reputation 100 --infer-sample-limit 5000 --run-label ci13"
                example_name="$example (hybrid pipeline, tiny + minimal limits)"
                timeout_duration=1800
                example_jvm_args=""
                ;;
              "14_lifecycle_timing.py")
                example_args="--runs 1 --table-records 2000 --graph-vertices 500 --vector-records 500 --vector-dimensions 32 --query-runs 10 --jvm-heap 4g"
                example_name="$example (lifecycle benchmark, minimal)"
                timeout_duration=900
                example_jvm_args=""
                ;;
              "15_import_database_vs_transactional_table_ingest.py")
                example_args="--rows-per-table 2000 --tables 2 --columns 6 --string-size 32 --batch-size 500 --async-parallel 1 --parallel 1 --heap-size 4g --work-dir ./my_test_databases/import_vs_txn_dummy_ci"
                example_name="$example (table ingest benchmark, minimal)"
                timeout_duration=1200
                example_jvm_args=""
                ;;
              "16_import_database_vs_transactional_graph_ingest.py")
                example_args="--vertices 2000 --edges 4000 --vertex-int-props 3 --vertex-str-props 2 --edge-int-props 1 --edge-str-props 1 --string-size 32 --batch-size 500 --async-parallel 1 --parallel 1 --heap-size 4g --work-dir ./my_test_databases/import_vs_txn_graph_ci"
                example_name="$example (graph ingest benchmark, minimal)"
                timeout_duration=1200
                example_jvm_args=""
                ;;
              "17_timeseries_end_to_end.py")
                example_args="--hours 2 --interval-minutes 10"
                example_name="$example (time-series end-to-end, minimal)"
                timeout_duration=900
                example_jvm_args=""
                ;;
              "18_geo_predicates_wkt.py")
                example_args=""
                example_name="$example (geo predicates with WKT points and polygons)"
                timeout_duration=900
                example_jvm_args=""
                ;;
              "19_hash_index_exact_match.py")
                example_args=""
                example_name="$example (hash index exact-match workflow)"
                timeout_duration=900
                example_jvm_args=""
                ;;
              "20_graph_algorithms_route_planning.py")
                example_args=""
                example_name="$example (graph algorithms route planning workflow)"
                timeout_duration=900
                example_jvm_args=""
                ;;
              *)
                example_args=""
                example_name="$example"
                timeout_duration=900  # 15 minutes default
                example_jvm_args=""
                ;;
            esac

            log_file="${example%.py}.log"

            echo "----------------------------------------"
            echo "📝 Running: $example_name"
            echo "----------------------------------------"

            # Run the example with appropriate parameters
            if [ -n "$example_jvm_args" ]; then
              if ARCADEDB_JVM_ARGS="$example_jvm_args" JAVA_TOOL_OPTIONS="" _JAVA_OPTIONS="" $TIMEOUT_CMD $timeout_duration python "$example" $example_args > "$log_file" 2>&1; then
                exit_code=0
              else
                exit_code=$?
              fi
            else
              if ARCADEDB_JVM_ARGS="" JAVA_TOOL_OPTIONS="" _JAVA_OPTIONS="" $TIMEOUT_CMD $timeout_duration python "$example" $example_args > "$log_file" 2>&1; then
                exit_code=0
              else
                exit_code=$?
              fi
            fi
            # ANSWERS, NOT ONLY A CLEAN EXIT (humemai/arcadedb-embedded-python#12). Example 10 once returned 0 rows for
            # 5 of its 10 queries on every platform and passed. After a clean run, the
            # same arguments on the pure-Python reference backend must give the same
            # row count and hash for every query.
            if [ $exit_code -eq 0 ] && [ "$example" = "10_stackoverflow_graph_olap.py" ]; then
              ref_args="${example_args/--db arcadedb_cypher/--db python_memory}"
              ref_args="${ref_args/--run-label ci10/--run-label ci10ref}"
              ref_log="${example%.py}-reference.log"
              if ! $TIMEOUT_CMD $timeout_duration python "$example" $ref_args > "$ref_log" 2>&1; then
                echo "❌ reference run (python_memory) of $example failed; last 20 lines:"
                tail -n 20 "$ref_log"
                exit_code=1
              elif ! python scripts/compare_query_hashes.py "$log_file" "$ref_log"; then
                echo "❌ $example: answers differ from the python_memory reference (above)"
                exit_code=1
              fi
            fi
            if [ $exit_code -eq 0 ]; then
              echo "✅ PASSED: $example_name" | tee -a $results_file
              passed=$((passed + 1))
            else
              if [ $exit_code -eq 124 ]; then
                echo "⏱️  TIMEOUT: $example_name (exceeded $((timeout_duration/60)) minutes)" | tee -a $results_file
                failed=$((failed + 1))
              else
                echo "❌ FAILED: $example_name (exit code: $exit_code)" | tee -a $results_file
                failed=$((failed + 1))
              fi
              # Show last 20 lines of error log
              echo "Last 20 lines of output:"
              tail -n 20 "$log_file"
            fi
            echo ""
          done

          # Print summary
          echo "========================================"
          echo "📊 EXAMPLE TEST SUMMARY"
          echo "========================================"
          echo "Total:   $total"
          echo "Passed:  $passed ✅"
          echo "Failed:  $failed ❌"
          echo "Skipped: $skipped ⏭️"
          echo "========================================"
          echo ""

          echo "Examples pattern(s): $EXAMPLES"

          # Output to GitHub Actions
          echo "total=$total" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
          echo "passed=$passed" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
          echo "failed=$failed" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
          echo "skipped=$skipped" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT

          # Show detailed results
          echo "Detailed Results:"
          cat $results_file

          # Save list of examples for summary (before the failure exit, so
          # the summary is populated even when some examples fail)
          echo "$examples" > examples-ran.txt

          # Exit with error if any failed
          if [ $failed -gt 0 ]; then
            echo "❌ Some examples failed!"
            exit 1
          else
            echo "✅ All examples passed!"
          fi

      - name: Generate test summary
        if: always()
        shell: bash
        run: |
          cd examples

          echo "## 🎮 Python Examples Test Results (${{ matrix.platform }})" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
          echo "" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY

          total="${{ steps.run_examples.outputs.total || '0' }}"
          passed="${{ steps.run_examples.outputs.passed || '0' }}"
          failed="${{ steps.run_examples.outputs.failed || '0' }}"

          if [ "${{ steps.run_examples.outcome }}" = "success" ]; then
            echo "✅ **Status**: ALL EXAMPLES PASSED ($passed/$total)" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
          else
            echo "❌ **Status**: SOME EXAMPLES FAILED ($passed/$total passed)" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
          fi

          echo "" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
          echo "### Summary" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
          echo "" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
          echo "| Metric | Count |" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
          echo "|--------|------:|" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
          echo "| 📝 Total | $total |" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
          echo "| ✅ Passed | $passed |" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
          echo "| ❌ Failed | $failed |" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
          echo "| ⏭️ Skipped | ${{ steps.run_examples.outputs.skipped || '0' }} |" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
          echo "" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY

          # Add detailed results if available
          if [ -f example-results.txt ]; then
            echo "### Detailed Results" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
            echo "" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
            echo "\`\`\`" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
            cat example-results.txt >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
            echo "\`\`\`" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
          fi

          echo "" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
          echo "### Examples Tested" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
          echo "" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
          echo "**Pattern(s)**: $EXAMPLES" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
          echo "" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
          if [ -f examples-ran.txt ]; then
            while IFS= read -r example; do
              [ -n "$example" ] && echo "- **$example**" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
            done < examples-ran.txt
          fi
          echo "" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY

      - name: Upload example logs
        if: always()
        uses: actions/upload-artifact@cf430e030ddbb5b0abf93d22962f4752f3646cd9 # v7.0.2
        with:
          name: example-logs-${{ matrix.platform == 'linux/amd64' && 'linux-amd64' || matrix.platform == 'linux/arm64' && 'linux-arm64' || matrix.platform == 'darwin/amd64' && 'darwin-amd64' || matrix.platform == 'darwin/arm64' && 'darwin-arm64' || matrix.platform == 'windows/amd64' && 'windows-amd64' || 'windows-arm64' }}-py${{ matrix.python-version }}
          path: |
            examples/*.log
            examples/example-results.txt
          retention-days: 7

      - name: Upload example databases
        if: failure()
        uses: actions/upload-artifact@cf430e030ddbb5b0abf93d22962f4752f3646cd9 # v7.0.2
        with:
          name: example-databases-${{ matrix.platform == 'linux/amd64' && 'linux-amd64' || matrix.platform == 'linux/arm64' && 'linux-arm64' || matrix.platform == 'darwin/amd64' && 'darwin-amd64' || matrix.platform == 'darwin/arm64' && 'darwin-arm64' || matrix.platform == 'windows/amd64' && 'windows-amd64' || 'windows-arm64' }}-py${{ matrix.python-version }}
          path: examples/my_test_databases/
          retention-days: 3

  # Summary job that checks all platforms
  test-examples-summary:
    name: Examples Test Summary
    needs: [build, test-examples]
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    # Skipped (not red) when the matrix was skipped for a draft PR.
    if: always() && (github.event_name != 'pull_request' || github.event.pull_request.draft == false)
    steps:
      - name: Check test results
        shell: bash
        run: |
          echo "## 🎯 Overall Examples Test Summary" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
          echo "" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY

          if [ "${{ needs.build.result }}" = "success" ] && [ "${{ needs.test-examples.result }}" = "success" ]; then
            echo "✅ **All platforms passed example testing!**" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
            echo "" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
            echo "All examples ran successfully across all enabled platforms, against one wheel built for each platform." >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
            echo "" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
            echo "**Platforms tested**: linux/amd64, linux/arm64, darwin/arm64, windows/amd64" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
          else
            echo "❌ **Some platforms failed example testing**" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
            echo "" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
            echo "Please check the individual platform jobs for details." >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
            exit 1
          fi